BRASSICA Descriptor Site(s): NC7, NE9 ------ Contains data on Brassica accessions. For additional information contact L. Robertson (Vegetables) at the Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, NY (315-787-2356) or R. Stebbins (Oil Seeds) at the NCRPIS in Ames, IA (515-294-3802). Descriptor: 100SEEDWGT obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Weight of 100 seeds. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.14 - 0.17 3 0.23 - 0.26 11 0.32 - 0.35 3 0.17 - 0.20 3 0.26 - 0.29 9 0.35 - 0.38 1 0.20 - 0.23 9 0.29 - 0.32 4 0.38 - 0.41 0 Descriptor: ARACHIDIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N ARACHIDIC ACID (C 20:0) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: BEAKLENGTH obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Beak length in millimeters. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.00 - 3.67 191 11.01 - 14.68 362 22.02 - 25.69 80 3.67 - 7.34 401 14.68 - 18.35 250 25.69 - 29.36 22 7.34 - 11.01 575 18.35 - 22.02 212 29.36 - 33.03 4 Descriptor: BEHENIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N BEHENIC ACID (C 22:0) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: BROWNING obtype: CHAR CGC: YES INTERNAL BROWNING Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 SEVERE 1 (0 = SEVERE, 5 = NONE) 2 (0 = SEVERE, 5 = NONE) 3 (0 = SEVERE, 5 = NONE) 4 (0 = SEVERE, 5 = NONE) 5 NONE Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 272 4 12 5 42 Descriptor: CURDCOLOR obtype: CHAR CGC: YES CURD COLOR Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 UNKNOWN 1 WHITE 2 CREAM 3 YELLOW 4 TAN 5 GREEN Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 126 2 100 4 12 1 18 3 68 5 2 Descriptor: CURDCOMP obtype: CHAR CGC: YES CURD COMPACTNESS Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 LOOSE 1 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 2 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 3 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 4 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 5 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 6 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 7 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 8 (0 = LOOSE, 9 = COMPACT) 9 COMPACT Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 92 4 13 7 58 1 15 5 35 8 32 2 16 6 28 9 20 3 17 Descriptor: CURDDEPTH obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES CURD DEPTH MEASURED IN CENTIMETERS Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 2.00 - 4.11 12 8.33 - 10.44 83 14.66 - 16.77 14 4.11 - 6.22 27 10.44 - 12.55 29 16.77 - 18.88 8 6.22 - 8.33 44 12.55 - 14.66 22 18.88 - 20.99 3 Descriptor: CURDPROT obtype: CHAR CGC: YES CURD PROTECTION Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 POOR 1 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 2 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 3 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 4 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 5 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 6 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 7 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 8 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 9 EXCELLENT Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 229 3 20 6 16 1 3 4 14 7 6 2 16 5 20 8 2 Descriptor: CURDQUAL obtype: CHAR CGC: YES CURD QUALITY Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 POOR 1 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 2 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 3 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 4 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 5 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 6 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 7 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 8 (0 = POOR, 9 = EXCELLENT) 9 EXCELLENT Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 217 3 19 6 15 1 6 4 19 7 11 2 14 5 16 8 9 Descriptor: CURDWIDTH obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES CURD WIDTH MEASURED IN CENTIMETERS Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1.30 - 5.27 19 13.21 - 17.18 77 25.12 - 29.09 4 5.27 - 9.24 19 17.18 - 21.15 53 29.09 - 33.06 1 9.24 - 13.21 46 21.15 - 25.12 24 33.06 - 37.03 1 Descriptor: DAYSTOHARV obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Days to harvest do not take into account if flowering date is based on day length. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 115.00 - 175.56 162 296.68 - 357.24 1 478.36 - 538.92 6 175.56 - 236.12 82 357.24 - 417.80 0 538.92 - 599.48 29 236.12 - 296.68 30 417.80 - 478.36 0 599.48 - 660.04 5 Descriptor: DEFOLIATE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES EASE OF DEFOLIATION Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 DIFFUCULT 1 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = VERY EASY) 2 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = VERY EASY) 3 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = VERY EASY) 4 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = VERY EASY) 5 VERY EASY Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 271 2 11 4 19 1 2 3 21 5 2 Descriptor: DISEASE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES DISEASE RATING Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 SLIGHT 1 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 2 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 3 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 4 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 5 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 6 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 7 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 8 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 9 SEVERE Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 192 4 6 7 11 1 31 5 13 8 9 2 38 6 9 9 2 3 15 Descriptor: ERUCIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N ERUCIC ACID (C 22:1) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: FLOWERCOL obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Color of inflorescence (based on R. H. S. colour chart). Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 WHITE 10 ORANGE 2 CREAM 3 YELLOW 4 YELLOW-GREEN 5 GREEN 6 PINK 7 GREEN-RED 8 PURPLE 9 RED Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 99 3 805 6 2 10 3 4 3 8 27 2 4 5 3 Descriptor: FLWRDAT3 obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Date of last flowering. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.17 1 178 3 213 3 1 1 179 11 214 6 130 1 180 13 215 10 131 5 181 64 216 6 133 2 182 20 218 3 136 1 183 2 220 6 138 4 184 4 222 4 142 14 185 1 223 1 145 2 186 1 224 4 147 1 187 40 226 4 148 20 188 7 229 5 150 1 189 6 230 3 151 1 190 7 231 3 153 3 191 4 232 2 154 5 192 14 233 2 155 26 193 10 234 2 156 46 194 15 237 5 157 4 195 7 239 1 159 8 196 3 240 2 160 1 197 1 245 6 161 4 198 14 246 3 163 4 199 16 252 3 164 6 201 6 257 1 165 2 202 18 259 3 166 17 203 14 264 1 167 10 204 14 265 1 168 25 205 21 270 1 169 12 206 4 282 1 170 1 207 7 285 4 171 49 208 3 292 1 172 7 209 7 296 3 174 21 210 4 3 1 175 23 211 10 302 9 177 15 212 3 Descriptor: FLWRDATE1 obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Date of first flowering. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 101 2 143 10 192 2 102 2 144 13 194 1 104 9 145 10 196 1 105 2 146 4 197 2 106 1 147 16 198 3 108 20 148 12 199 1 109 4 149 1 203 1 110 5 150 1 204 1 111 4 151 23 206 1 112 17 153 10 207 1 113 1 154 8 208 1 114 18 155 11 211 1 115 13 156 11 214 1 116 7 157 19 215 1 117 13 159 6 219 1 118 17 160 4 222 1 119 7 161 9 223 1 121 4 163 4 240 1 122 39 164 3 251 2 123 20 165 6 264 1 124 46 166 4 27.3 1 125 15 167 10 28.5 1 126 4 168 21 3 1 127 17 169 1 5/23 1 128 11 170 1 67 4 129 10 171 3 77 1 130 2 172 1 78 1 131 8 174 6 80 1 132 83 175 5 88 1 133 4 176 1 89 4 135 21 177 7 90 4 136 3 179 4 92 5 137 17 180 5 93 3 138 16 181 1 94 1 139 8 182 1 97 3 140 10 184 1 98 2 141 19 190 4 99 5 142 9 191 3 Descriptor: FLWRDATE2 obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Date of 50% of flowering. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 102 1 139 10 174 5 104 6 140 13 175 9 105 4 141 10 176 1 106 1 142 22 177 1 108 3 143 9 178 3 110 2 144 15 179 4 111 3 145 30 180 14 112 15 146 3 181 5 114 9 147 25 182 3 115 12 148 9 183 2 116 6 150 2 184 1 117 5 151 50 187 1 118 16 152 1 189 1 121 4 153 16 190 1 122 52 154 4 192 1 123 7 155 12 198 2 124 25 156 20 209 1 125 3 157 22 211 1 126 4 159 4 212 3 127 6 160 2 219 1 128 6 161 13 224 1 129 6 162 2 233 1 130 8 163 8 245 1 131 8 164 8 90 5 132 42 165 8 92 1 133 11 166 4 94 1 135 20 167 11 95 2 136 3 168 10 96 2 137 42 169 2 97 4 138 44 171 12 Descriptor: GLUCOLSEED obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N SEED GLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT. MICROMOLES PER GRAM Descriptor: GPAPHID obtype: CHAR CGC: N RESISTANCE TO GREEN PEACH APHID Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 HIGHLY RESISTANT - NO DAMAGE OBSERVED 2 RESISTANT - A FEW LEAVES WITH YELLOWING 3 INTERMEDIATE - MOST LEAVES YELLOWING 4 SUSCEPTIBLE - HALF THE PLANTS ARE DEAD OR AT LEAST 9 PLANTS SHOW REGROWTH 5 HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE - ALL PLANTS DEAD Descriptor: IMAGE obtype: CHAR CGC: N Image present in GRIN database Code Definition ---- ---------- PLANT Image of plant(s) Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- PLANT 1 Descriptor: INSECT obtype: CHAR CGC: YES INSECT RATING Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 SLIGHT 1 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 2 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 3 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 4 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 5 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 6 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 7 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 8 (0 = SLIGHT, 9 = SEVERE) 9 SEVERE Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 86 4 34 7 20 1 14 5 33 8 9 2 57 6 13 9 4 3 56 Descriptor: LEAFBLOOM obtype: CHAR CGC: YES AMOUNT OF LEAF BLOOM Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 LEAST 1 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 2 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 3 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 4 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 5 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 6 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 7 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 8 (0 = LEAST, 9 = HEAVY) 9 HEAVY Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 15 4 16 7 74 2 2 5 118 8 39 3 11 6 39 9 12 Descriptor: LINOLEIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N LINOLEIC ACID (C 18:2) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: LINOLENIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N LINOLENIC ACID (C 18:3) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: MATURITY obtype: CHAR CGC: YES RELATIVE TIME OF MATURITY Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 LATE 1 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 2 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 3 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 4 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 5 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 6 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 7 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 8 (0 = LATE, 9 = EARLY) 9 EARLY Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 60 4 27 7 41 1 55 5 34 8 18 2 22 6 17 9 32 3 20 Descriptor: OLEIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N OLEIC ACID (C 18:1) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: PALMITIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N PALMITIC ACID (C 16:0) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: PEROIL obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N OIL PERCENTAGE OF SEED - PERCENT DRY WEIGHT BASIS Descriptor: PLANTHGT obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Plant height measured in centimeters. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 6.60 - 27.43 40 69.09 - 89.92 223 131.58 - 152.41 109 27.43 - 48.26 85 89.92 - 110.75 162 152.41 - 173.24 35 48.26 - 69.09 160 110.75 - 131.58 130 173.24 - 194.07 14 Descriptor: PLANTSIZE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES PLANT STATURE Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 SHORT 1 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 2 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 3 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 4 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 5 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 6 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 7 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 8 (0 = SHORT, 9 = TALL) 9 TALL Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 55 4 35 7 48 2 8 5 62 8 41 3 16 6 51 9 10 Descriptor: SEEDCOLOR obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Primary seed coat color (based on R. H. S. colour chart). Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 YELLOW 2 YELLOW BROWN 3 LIGHT BROWN 4 BROWN 5 DARK BROWN 6 RED BROWN 7 RED 8 BLUE-BLACK 9 GRAY-BLACK Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 167 4 87 8 599 2 29 5 435 9 7 3 166 6 5 Descriptor: SILIQUEATT obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Silique attitude. Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 APPRESSED 3 ERECT 4 ERECT 5 ERECT 7 HORIZONTAL 9 HANGING Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 35 5 232 9 10 3 185 7 98 Descriptor: SILIQUELGT obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Silique length in centimeters. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.10 - 5.12 1679 15.16 - 20.18 0 30.22 - 35.24 0 5.12 - 10.14 439 20.18 - 25.20 0 35.24 - 40.26 0 10.14 - 15.16 0 25.20 - 30.22 0 40.26 - 45.28 1 Descriptor: SILIQUELOC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Number of locules per silique. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1.00 - 1.43 10 2.29 - 2.72 0 3.58 - 4.01 18 1.43 - 1.86 0 2.72 - 3.15 16 4.01 - 4.44 0 1.86 - 2.29 1690 3.15 - 3.58 0 4.44 - 4.87 0 Descriptor: SILIQUESD obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Number of seeds per silique. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.00 - 9.89 330 29.67 - 39.56 51 59.34 - 69.23 1 9.89 - 19.78 1154 39.56 - 49.45 5 69.23 - 79.12 1 19.78 - 29.67 558 49.45 - 59.34 4 79.12 - 89.01 1 Descriptor: SILIQUEWID obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES Silique width in millimeters. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1.00 - 19.20 2115 55.60 - 73.80 0 110.20 - 128.40 0 19.20 - 37.40 0 73.80 - 92.00 0 128.40 - 146.60 0 37.40 - 55.60 0 92.00 - 110.20 0 146.60 - 164.80 1 Descriptor: SPROUTCOL obtype: CHAR CGC: YES SPROUT COLOR Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 LIGHT GREEN 1 (0 = LIGHT GREEN, 5 = DARK GREEN) 2 (0 = LIGHT GREEN, 5 = DARK GREEN) 3 (0 = LIGHT GREEN, 5 = DARK GREEN) 4 (0 = LIGHT GREEN, 5 = DARK GREEN) 5 DARK GREEN Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 272 3 21 5 7 2 3 4 23 Descriptor: SPROUTFIRM obtype: CHAR CGC: YES SPROUT FIRMNESS Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 VERY SOFT 1 (0 = VERY SOFT, 5 = VERY FIRM) 2 (0 = VERY SOFT, 5 = VERY FIRM) 3 (0 = VERY SOFT, 5 = VERY FIRM) 4 (0 = VERY SOFT, 5 = VERY FIRM) 5 VERY FIRM Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 272 2 7 4 22 1 1 3 9 5 15 Descriptor: SPROUTNUM obtype: CHAR CGC: YES NUMBER OF MARKETABLE SPROUTS PER PLANT Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 FEW 1 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 2 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 3 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 4 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 5 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 6 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 7 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 8 (0 = FEW, 9 = MANY) 9 MANY Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 272 4 3 7 11 1 1 5 13 8 6 2 2 6 15 9 1 3 2 Descriptor: SPROUTREM obtype: CHAR CGC: YES EASE OF SPROUT REMOVAL Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 DIFFICULT 1 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = EASY) 2 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = EASY) 3 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = EASY) 4 (0 = DIFFICULT, 5 = EASY) 5 EASY Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 272 3 28 4 10 2 16 Descriptor: SPROUTWGT obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES WEIGHT OF 50 MARKETABLE SPROUTS MEASURED IN GRAMS Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 58.00 - 140.56 1 305.68 - 388.24 0 553.36 - 635.92 15 140.56 - 223.12 0 388.24 - 470.80 2 635.92 - 718.48 21 223.12 - 305.68 0 470.80 - 553.36 8 718.48 - 801.04 7 Descriptor: STALKLGTH obtype: CHAR CGC: YES LENGTH OF STALK Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 VERY SHORT 1 (0 = VERY SHORT, 5 = VERY LONG) 2 (0 = VERY SHORT, 5 = VERY LONG) 3 (0 = VERY SHORT, 5 = VERY LONG) 4 (0 = VERY SHORT, 5 = VERY LONG) 5 VERY LONG Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 271 2 7 4 16 1 1 3 21 5 10 Descriptor: STEARIC obtype: NUMERIC CGC: N STEARIC ACID (C 18:0) PERCENTAGE OF OIL Descriptor: SUBSET obtype: CHAR CGC: YES SUBSET OF BRASSICA (E.G. CAULIFLOWER, BROCCOLI) Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- Broccoli 19 Brussels spr 55 Cauliflower 252 Descriptor: UNIFORMITY obtype: CHAR CGC: YES UNIFORMITY IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Code Definition ---- ---------- 0 VARIABLE 1 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 2 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 3 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 4 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 5 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 6 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 7 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 8 (0 = VARIABLE, 9 = UNIFORM) 9 UNIFORM Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0 5 4 27 7 89 1 3 5 34 8 53 2 8 6 68 9 27 3 12