AMARANTH Descriptor Site(s): NC7 ------ Contains characteristic data on Amaranth accessions. For more information contact David Brenner at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, IA 50011 (515) 294-6786, email:nc7db@ars-grin.gov or at http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/MidWest/Ames/Crops_New/Amaranth.html Descriptor: 100SEEDWGT obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES THE WEIGHT IN GRAMS OF 100 SEEDS. TAKEN FROM THE HUNDRED SEED WEIGHTS IN THE GRIN INVENTORY. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.00 - 0.04 1220 0.12 - 0.16 54 0.24 - 0.28 9 0.04 - 0.08 6007 0.16 - 0.20 5 0.28 - 0.32 1 0.08 - 0.12 1338 0.20 - 0.24 13 0.32 - 0.36 0 Descriptor: ABSCISION obtype: CHAR CGC: YES ABSCISION ZONES OF SEED HOLDING UTRICLES AT MATURITY. Code Definition ---- ---------- AT UTRICLE ABSCISES ABOVE TEPALS BI UTRICLE BURST IRREGULARLY (IF WITHOUT ABSCISION, IT IS NON-SHATTERING) EQ UTRICLE SPLITS AT THE EQUATOR PE UTRICLE SPLITS ON PART OF THE EQUATOR, BUT THE TOP PART REMAINS ATTACHED WHEN THE UTRICLE OPENS TB UTRICLE ABCISES WITH TEPALS, THEN BURSTS IRREGULARLY TE UTRICLE ABCISES WITH TEPALS, THEN SPLITS AT THE EQUATOR TP UTRICLE ABCISES WITH TEPALS, THEN SPLITS ON PART OF THE EQUATOR WB UTRICLE ABSCISES WITH THE BRACT WP UTRICLE ABSCISES WITH THE PEDICEL BELOW THE BRACT WT UTRICLE ABSCISES WITH TEPALS, BUT WITHOUT THE BRACT XX OTHER Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- BI 10 TB 80 TP 2 EQ 359 TE 127 XX 3 PE 2 Descriptor: ADAPTATION obtype: CHAR CGC: YES THE SEED MATURITY BEFORE FROST. Code Definition ---- ---------- FULL MORE THAN 90% OF THE PLANTS MATURED A HEALTHY SEED CROP LATE NO PLANTS MATURED SEED, THOUGH THE PLANTS WERE HEALTHY PART PARTIAL SEED MATURITY ON SOME, OR ALL, PLANTS, THOUGH THE PLANTS WERE HEALTHY SICK THE PLANTS FAILED DUE TO INSECT OR DISEASE PROBLEMS Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- FULL 43 PART 6 SICK 27 LATE 18 Descriptor: ADSTEMCOL obtype: CHAR CGC: YES ADULT STEM COLOR Code Definition ---- ---------- GN GREEN GS GREEN WITH DARKER GREEN STRIPES OR ORANGE PB PINK BASE BUT GREEN STEM PS PINK BASE AND PINK STEM RB RED OR DARKER BASE BUT GREEN STEM RD RED OR DARKER STEM WITH SOLID COLORING, CAN HAVE PINK OR RED BASE ST AMARANTHINE STRIPPED STEM, CAN HAVE PINK OR RED BASE WH WHITE XX OTHER, INCLUDES COMBINATIONS WITH WHITE Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- GN 668 PB 151 RD 95 GS 3 PS 67 ST 674 OR 57 RB 281 WH 1 Descriptor: BLADEPIG obtype: CHAR CGC: YES BLADE PIGMENTATION, MOST CLEAR BEFORE FLOWERING. IT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE PIGMENTATION OF SENESCENT LEAVES OR THE IRIDESCENT PURPLE COLOR UNDER SOME JUVENILE OR NEW LEAVES. Code Definition ---- ---------- BP BASAL AREA PIGMENTED CD CHLOROPHYLL DEFICIENT, PALE MARKS, THAT CAN BE WHITE, YELLOW ORANGE, PINK OR RED CS CENTRAL SPOT GD DARK GREEN GN NORMAL GREEN RD ENTIRE LAMINA AMARANTHINE (PURPLE TO PINK) RV MARGIN AND VEIN PIGMENTED SE SECTORING, PATCHES THAT RADIATE AWAY FROM THE MIDVEIN. SP SPECKLED V ONE STRIPE (V-SHAPED) VV TWO STRIPES (V-SHAPED) XX OTHER Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- BP 15 GN 1751 SP 51 CD 16 RD 300 V 41 CS 135 RV 90 VV 6 GD 12 SE 1 XX 364 Descriptor: BLADERATIO obtype: CHAR CGC: YES LEAF BLADE LENGTH: WIDTH RATIO, MEASURED ACROSS THE WIDEST PART OF THE BLADE, ON ADULT PLANTS. Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 1:1 2 2:1 3 3:1 4 4:1 5 5:1 6 6:1 7 7:1 8 8:1 9 GREATER THAN OR EQUAL 9:1, OR OTHER Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 2 4 2 9 7 2 4 Descriptor: BLADESHAPE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES BLADE SHAPE ON ADULT PLANTS. SHAPES CAN BE MODIFIED WITH BLADE RATIO INFORMATION. Code Definition ---- ---------- ELLI ELLIPTIC WIDEST AXIS AT MIDPOINT, MARGINS SYMMETRICALLY CURVED LANC LANCEOLATE SIMILAR TO OVATE BUT THE TIP IS POINTED OBOV OBOVATE INVERSELY OVATE OBTA OBTRIANGULAR THE PETIOLE IS ON AN APEX OF A TRIANGLE, CUNEATE OBTR OBTRULLATE INVERSELY TRULLATE OVAT OVATE WIDEST AXIS BELOW MIDDLE, MARGINS SYMMETRICALLY CURVED EGG SHAPED, OR OVATAINATE RHOM RHOMBIC WIDEST AXIS AT MIDPOINT, MARGINS STRAIGHT, DIAMOND SHAPED TRIA TRIANGULAR THE PETIOLE IS CENTERED ON A SIDE OF A TRIANGLE TRUL TRULLATE WIDEST AXIS BELOW MIDDLE, MARGINS STRAIGHT Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ELLI 1 OBOV 4 RHOM 3 LANC 8 OVAT 4 TRIA 4 Descriptor: BRACTLEN obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES BRACT LENGTH IN MILLIMETERS Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 2.00 - 2.58 8 3.74 - 4.32 23 5.48 - 6.06 1 2.58 - 3.16 9 4.32 - 4.90 0 6.06 - 6.64 0 3.16 - 3.74 0 4.90 - 5.48 18 6.64 - 7.22 0 Descriptor: BRANCHING obtype: CHAR CGC: YES BRANCHING INDEX (USES IPGRI SYSTEM) Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 NO BRANCHES 2 (1 = NO BRANCHES, 9 = BRANCHES ALL ALONG THE STEM) 3 (1 = NO BRANCHES, 9 = BRANCHES ALL ALONG THE STEM) 4 FEW BRANCHES, ALL NEAR THE BASE OF THE STEM 5 (1 = NO BRANCHES, 9 = BRANCHES ALL ALONG THE STEM) 6 MANY BRANCHES, ALL NEAR THE BASE OF THE STEM 7 (1 = NO BRANCHES, 9 = BRANCHES ALL ALONG THE STEM) 8 (1 = NO BRANCHES, 9 = BRANCHES ALL ALONG THE STEM) 9 BRANCHES ALL ALONG THE STEM Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 369 6 39 9 260 4 19 Descriptor: BSD obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES THE MEAN MEASUREMENT OF ADULT FIELD-GROWN PLANTS, IN CENTIMETERS (THIS CORRELATES WITH BIOMASS AS PUBLISHED IN: J.W. LEHMANN ET AL. 1990. SABRAO JOURNAL 22:103-116). THE ASSOCIATED ENV. RECORD SHOULD INCLUDE NUMBER OF PLANTS MEASURED. Descriptor: FLOWERCOL obtype: CHAR CGC: YES FLOWER COLOR Code Definition ---- ---------- GR GREEN OR ORANGE PK LIGHT AMARANTHINE, RHS RED-PURPLE 62B OR LIGHTER (PINK) RD DARK AMARANTHINE, DARKER THAN RHS RED-PURPLE 62B (RED OR PURPLE) RF RUFESCENT (MIXTURE OF RED AND GREEN PARTS OF FLOWERS, OR OTHERWISE A RUSTY LOOK) WH WHITE (VERY PALE GREEN) XX OTHER (SPECIFY) Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- GR 1843 PK 191 RF 484 OR 61 RD 956 WH 23 Descriptor: GROWTHHAB obtype: CHAR CGC: YES GROWTH HABIT (USES THE IPGRI SYSTEM) Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 ERECT 2 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 3 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 4 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 5 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 6 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 7 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 8 (1 = ERECT, 9 = PROSTRATE) 9 PROSTRATE Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 705 4 1 9 13 2 4 Descriptor: HYPOCOTYL obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES MEASURE IN MILLIMETERS FROM THE SOIL, OR THE TOP OF THE RADICAL, TO THE COTYLEDON ATTACHMENTS. FOR PLANTS THAT ARE NOT TRANSPLANTED, AND ARE MORE THAN A MONTH OLD. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 8.00 - 16.11 8 32.33 - 40.44 21 56.66 - 64.77 4 16.11 - 24.22 3 40.44 - 48.55 5 64.77 - 72.88 0 24.22 - 32.33 6 48.55 - 56.66 12 72.88 - 80.99 1 Descriptor: IMAGE obtype: CHAR CGC: N An image is present in the GRIN database. Code Definition ---- ---------- FIELD Images taken of plants in the field. GH Images taken of plants in the greenhouse. IN-SITU Images taken of plants in their adapted location 1 IN-SITU especially the habitat where they were collected, or cultivars in production fields. PLANT Images of scanned plant samples. The scan may be of fresh 1 PLANT or dry material. Usually both the foliage and inflorescence are included. SEED Images of scanned seed samples. Qualifier: IMAGE-01 Image 01. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- FIELD 2 GH 32 Descriptor: INFLODENS obtype: CHAR CGC: YES INFLORESCENCE DENSITY (IPGRI SYSTEM) Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 LAX 2 (1 = LAX, 9 = DENSE) 3 (1 = LAX, 9 = DENSE) 4 (1 = LAX, 9 = DENSE) 5 INTERMEDIATE 6 (1 = LAX, 9 = DENSE) 7 (1 = LAX, 9 = DENSE) 8 (1 = LAX, 9 = DENSE) 9 DENSE Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 10 4 2 7 24 2 2 5 469 8 10 3 5 6 24 9 5 Descriptor: INFLOSHAPE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES INFLORESCENCE SHAPE (MODIFIED IPGRI SYSTEM) Code Definition ---- ---------- AX MOSTLY IN LEAF AXILS ED CLUB-SHAPED AT TIPS LB LONG SIDE BRANCHES, GREATER THAN 1/4 THE INFLORESCENCE LENGTH SB SHORT SIDE BRANCHES, 1/4 OR SHORTER THAN THE INFLORESCENCE LENGTH (INCLUDES SOME MANY STEMMED WEEDS) SK SPIKE, AT LEAST 4 VERTICAL SPIKES (LONG SIDE BRANCHES) 1 SK THAT ARE APPROXIMATELY 1/2 THE INFLORESCENCE LENGTH, OR LONGER XX OTHER (SPECIFY) Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- AX 13 LB 238 SK 55 ED 19 SB 446 XX 13 Descriptor: LYGUSANL obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES AVERAGE NUMBER OF LYGUS PER PLANT. NUMBERS ARE CALCULATED BY COUNTING 5 BAGGED TERMINAL HEADS IN WHICH 10 ADULT LYGUS BUGS ARE PLACED AND LEFT FOR 3 WEEKS. Descriptor: LYGUSNPF obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES NUMBER OF NYMPHS PRODUCED PER FEMALE PER PLANT. NUMBERS ARE CALCULATED BY COUNTING 5 BAGGED TERMINAL HEADS IN WHICH 10 ADULT LYGUS BUGS ARE PLACED AND LEFT FOR 3 WEEKS. Descriptor: MALESTERIL obtype: CHAR CGC: YES MALE STERILITY - POLLEN IS NOT VIABLE. Code Definition ---- ---------- CYTO CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE FERT NO STERILITY OBSERVED GENIC GENETIC INHERITANCE HIGH SEGREGATING POPULATION MORE THAN 90% INTER SEGREGATING POPULATION 10% TO 90% LOW SEGREGATING POPULATION LESS THAN 10% MAINT USED AS A MAINTAINER RESTO USED AS A RESTORER Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- CYTO 2 INTER 44 MAINT 2 FERT 310 LOW 76 RESTO 3 HIGH 16 Descriptor: MARBLED obtype: CHAR CGC: YES INFLORESCENCE ON ANY OF THE PLANTS MARBLED, SO GROUPS OF FLOWERS HAVE CONTRASTING COLORS (OCCASIONAL ON A. cruentus). Code Definition ---- ---------- MARB PRESENT NONE NOT PRESENT Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- MARB 102 NONE 5 Descriptor: MORPHOLOG obtype: CHAR CGC: YES MORPHOLOGICAL GROUP, BASED ON THE RODALE RESEARCH CENTER SYSTEM. Code Definition ---- ---------- AFRI AFRICAN AZTC AZTEC CROS A CROSS BETWEEN GROUPS (INCLUDES MOST ADVANCED CULTIVARS) CVEG CULTIVATED VEGETABLE EDUL EDULIS GUAT GUATEMALAN HORT HORSETOOTH (A. LIVIDUS) MERC MERCADO MEXI MEXICAN MIXT MIXTECO NEPA NEPAL ORNA ORNAMENTAL OTHE OTHER PRIM PRIMA SANG SANGORACHE ("RICH-BLOOD" TRANSLANTION FROM SPANISH TO ENGLISH) SOAM SOUTH AMERICAN SPIK SPIKE UNIQ UNIQUE WILD WILD (INCLUDES ALL WEEDS) Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- AFRI 68 MERC 53 PRIM 8 AZTC 131 MEXI 100 SANG 24 CROS 12 MIXT 14 SOAM 64 CVEG 101 NEPA 182 SPIK 27 EDUL 6 ORNA 32 UNIQ 44 HORT 9 OTHE 6 WILD 144 Descriptor: PETIOLEPIG obtype: CHAR CGC: YES PETIOLE PIGMENTATION (MODIFIED IPGRI SYSTEM) Code Definition ---- ---------- GD DARK GREEN GN GREEN OR ORANGE RD DARK AMARANTHINE, RHS RED-PURPLE 61C, OR DARKER RN AMARANTHINE, IF ANY IS PRESENT AND LESS INTENSE THAN RHS RED-PURPLE 61C Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- GN 915 RD 185 RN 487 OR 9 Descriptor: PLNTHEIGHT obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES THE HEIGHT OF ADULT PLANTS OR OF NON-FLOWERING PLANTS AT THE END OF THE GROWING SEASON. MEASURED IN CENTIMETERS FROM THE GROUND TO THE INFLORESCENCE TOP. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 21.00 - 55.44 11 124.32 - 158.76 30 227.64 - 262.08 7 55.44 - 89.88 4 158.76 - 193.20 33 262.08 - 296.52 2 89.88 - 124.32 19 193.20 - 227.64 15 296.52 - 330.96 5 Descriptor: REFERENCE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES REFERENCE FOR DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS, INDICATED WITH THE SAME ABBREVIATION USED IN THE CHARACTERIZATION SYSTEM, OR IF THAT IS UNCLEAR,OR THE CHARACTER IS NOT LISTED, INDICATE WITH 'REF' AND ELABORATE IN THE ASSOCIATED COMMENT FIELD. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- BE 1 MARB 1 fasciated 1 BR 1 PLANT VIRUS 4 herbicide 6 EB 1 SEEDSTARCH 2 oil 2 Late floweri 1 Tall growing 1 wrinkled lea 1 MALESTERIL p 1 Descriptor: SEEDCOLOR obtype: CHAR CGC: YES SEED COLOR Code Definition ---- ---------- BE BROWN EDGES WITH BLACK SIDES BL BLACK SEED COAT, RHS BLACK 202A BR DARK BROWN SEED COAT, RHS 175A to 200A BY BROWN SEED COAT WITH YELLOW, DRIES TO LIGHT BROWN, RHS GRAYED-ORANGE 165B PK AMARANTHINE COTYLEDONS VISIBLE THROUGH A WHITE SEED COAT, APPROXIMATELY RHS RED-PURPLE GROUP 62B (PINK) WH WHITE SEED COAT, RHS ORANGE-WHITE 159A XX OTHER YL YELLOW SEED COAT, DRIES TO RHS GREYED-ORANGE 164B Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- BE 407 BY 57 WH 1382 BL 245 PK 71 YL 138 BR 861 Descriptor: SEEDLGCOL obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES THE PERCENTAGE OF THE SEEDLING WITH ANY STEM OR LEAF AMARANTHINE (RED COLORING) IN A GIVEN NUMBER OF EVALUATED SEEDLINGS. THIS DISTINGUISHES THE SEEDLINGS WITH AMARANTHINE FROM GREEN AND ORANGE SEEDLINGS. SCORE WITHIN 3 WEEKS AFTER GERM. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.00 - 11.22 626 33.66 - 44.88 24 67.32 - 78.54 47 11.22 - 22.44 70 44.88 - 56.10 23 78.54 - 89.76 76 22.44 - 33.66 35 56.10 - 67.32 34 89.76 - 100.98 1599 Descriptor: SEEDSHAPE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES SEED SHAPE Code Definition ---- ---------- EB ELLIPSOID OR OVOID WITH ROUNDED BULGING PERISPERM FL FLAT RB ROUND, WITH ROUNDED BULGING PERISPERM XX OTHER Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- EB 493 FL 5 RB 1779 Descriptor: SEEDSTARCH obtype: NUMERIC CGC: YES THE PERCENT OF OPAQUE PERISPERM SEEDS, WHICH STAIN REDISH-BROWN WITH IODINE, OR OBSERVED THROUGH LIGHT COLORED SEED COATS. A LOW PERCENT OPAQUE INDICATES A HIGH PERCENT TRANSLUCENT. REFERENCE: OKUNO AND SAKAGUCHI 1982 HEREDITY 73:467. Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 0.00 - 11.22 256 33.66 - 44.88 5 67.32 - 78.54 13 11.22 - 22.44 10 44.88 - 56.10 5 78.54 - 89.76 30 22.44 - 33.66 4 56.10 - 67.32 7 89.76 - 100.98 1005 Descriptor: SEXTYPE obtype: CHAR CGC: YES SEX TYPE (MODIFIED IPGRI SYSTEM) Code Definition ---- ---------- DIO DIOECIOUS MIX MONECIOUS WITH MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS MIXED IN GLOMERULES OTH OTHER SEP MONECIOUS WITH SEPARATE MALE AND FEMALE GLOMERULES Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- DIO 12 MIX 376 OTH 2 Descriptor: SPINEAXILS obtype: CHAR CGC: YES ABSENCE OR PRESENCE OF SPINES IN LEAF AXILS (BASED ON IPGRI SYSTEM). Code Definition ---- ---------- NONE ABSENT SPIN PRESENT Descriptor: TAXONOMIC obtype: CHAR CGC: YES Taxonomic veracity with reference to the comment in Public GRIN "observation details", or to the GRIN species determination. Code Definition ---- ---------- ATYP ATYPICAL INDT NOT DETERMINED, AFTER EXAMINATION INTR INTERMEDIATE, HAS CHARACTERISTICS OF MORE THAN ONE SPECIES TYPI TYPICAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SPECIES Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ATYP 46 INTR 10 TYPI 282 Descriptor: TERMINFLO obtype: CHAR CGC: YES TERMINAL INFLORESCENCE ATTITUDE Code Definition ---- ---------- 1 ERECT 2 (1 = ERECT, 9 = DROOPING) 3 (1 = ERECT, 9 = DROOPING) 4 (1 = ERECT, 9 = DROOPING) 5 HORIZONTAL, HALF DROOP, OR ARCH SHAPED WITH THE MIDDLE OR TERMINAL THIRD HORIZONTAL 6 (1 = ERECT, 9 = DROOPING) 7 (1 = ERECT, 9 = DROOPING) 8 (1 = ERECT, 9 = DROOPING) 9 DROOPING, WITH AT LEAST THE TERMINAL 2/3 HANGING VERTICALLY DOWN Value Freq. Value Freq. Value Freq. ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- ----------------- ----- 1 843 5 100 7 1 3 3 6 3 9 55 4 7