Annual Report of Introduced Beneficial Organisms Released in the United States and Territories - 1985

Section II - Introduced Weed Control Agents Released in U.S. and Territories - 1985

PART B - Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species with Alphabetical List of Introduced Beneficial Species Released Against It; and Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Common Name

Class:    Liliopsida

Order of Host: Liliales
   Family of Host: Pontederiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
         Common name of host: waterhyacinth
            Species Released: Neochetina bruchi

      Host Genus, species, author: Eichornia crassipes
         Common name of host: see Eichhornia crassipes
            Species Released: Sameodes albiguttalis

Class:    Magnoliopsida

Order of Host: Asterales
   Family of Host: Asteraceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Acroptilon repens (L.) DC
         Common name of host: Russian knapweed
            Species Released: Subanguina picridis

      Host Genus, species, author: Baccharis halimifolia L.
         Common name of host: groundsel baccharis
            Species Released: Rhopalomyia californica

      Host Genus, species, author: Baccharis neglecta Britt.
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Rhopalomyia californica

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus acanthoides L.
         Common name of host: plumeless thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus           Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans L.
         Common name of host: musk thistle
            Species Released: Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans leiophyllus (Petr.) Stoj. & Stef.
         Common name of host: musk/nodding thistle
            Species Released: Cassida rubiginosa            Rhinocyllus conicus
                              Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus pycnocephalus L.
         Common name of host: Italian thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus spp.
         Common name of host: Carduus thistles
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus           Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea diffusa Lam.
         Common name of host: diffuse knapweed
            Species Released: Sphenoptera jugoslavica       Urophora affinis
                              Urophora quadrifasciata       Urophora spp.

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea maculosa Lam.
         Common name of host: spotted knapweed
            Species Released: Agapeta zoegana               Metzneria paucipunctella
                              Urophora affinis              Urophora quadrifasciata

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea solstitialis L.
         Common name of host: yellow starthistle
            Species Released: Bangasternus orientalis       Urophora sirunaseva

      Host Genus, species, author: Chondrilla juncea L.
         Common name of host: rush skeletonweed
            Species Released: Aceria chondrillae

      Host Genus, species, author: Chromolaena odorata (L.)R.King & H.Robinsn
         Common name of host: "Siam weed"
            Species Released: Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata

      Host Genus, species, author: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
         Common name of host: Canada thistle
            Species Released: Hadroplontus litura           Urophora cardui

      Host Genus, species, author: Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
         Common name of host: bull thistle
            Species Released: Urophora stylata

      Host Genus, species, author: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
         Common name of host: milk thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

Order of Host: Caryophyllales
   Family of Host: Amaranthaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Alternanthera philoxeroides (C. Mart.) Griseb.
         Common name of host: alligatorweed
            Species Released: Agasicles hygrophila

      Host Genus, species, author: Salsola australis R. Br.
         Common name of host: Russian thistle
            Species Released: Coleophora klimeschiella

Order of Host: Euphorbiales
   Family of Host: Euphorbiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia cyparissias L.
         Common name of host: cypress spurge
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia esula L.
         Common name of host: leafy spurge
            Species Released: Aphthona flava                Hyles euphorbiae
                              Spurgia capitigena

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia pseudovirgata (Schur) Soo
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae              Oberea erythrocephala

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia sp.
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia spp.
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae

Order of Host: Fabales
   Family of Host: Fabaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link
         Common name of host: Scotch broom
            Species Released: Apion fuscirostre

      Host Genus, species, author: Ulex europaeus L.
         Common name of host: gorse
            Species Released: Apion (Exapion) ulicis

Order of Host: Malvales
   Family of Host: Malvaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
         Common name of host: velvetleaf
            Species Released: Niesthrea louisianica

Order of Host: Sapindales
   Family of Host: Zygophyllaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Tribulus terrestris L.
         Common name of host: puncturevine
            Species Released: Microlarinus lareynii         Microlarinus lypriformis
                              Microlarinus spp.

Order of Host: Scrophulariales
   Family of Host: Scrophulariaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.
         Common name of host: Dalmatian toadflax
            Species Released: Calophasia lunula

      Host Genus, species, author: Linaria vulgaris Miller
         Common name of host: yellow toadflax
            Species Released: Calophasia lunula             Gymnetron antirrhini

Order of Host: Solanales
   Family of Host: Solanaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
         Common name of host: silverleaf nightshade
            Species Released: Leptinotarsa defecta

Order of Host: Theales
   Family of Host: Clusiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Hypericum perforatum L.
         Common name of host: common St. Johnswort
            Species Released: Agrilus hyperici              Chrysolina quadrigemina
                              Chrysolina spp.



Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Common Name

Common Name                   Genus-species                   Order:Family

                         Euphorbia pseudovirgata         Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae
alligatorweed            Alternanthera philoxeroides     Caryophyllales:Amaranthaceae
bull thistle             Cirsium vulgare                 Asterales:Asteraceae
Canada thistle           Cirsium arvense                 Asterales:Asteraceae
Carduus thistles         Carduus spp.                    Asterales:Asteraceae
common St. Johnswort     Hypericum perforatum            Theales:Clusiaceae
cypress spurge           Euphorbia cyparissias           Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae
Dalmatian toadflax       Linaria dalmatica               Scrophulariales:Scrophulariaceae
diffuse knapweed         Centaurea diffusa               Asterales:Asteraceae
gorse                    Ulex europaeus                  Fabales:Fabaceae
groundsel baccharis      Baccharis halimifolia           Asterales:Asteraceae
Italian thistle          Carduus pycnocephalus           Asterales:Asteraceae
leafy spurge             Euphorbia esula                 Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae
milk thistle             Silybum marianum                Asterales:Asteraceae
musk thistle             Carduus nutans                  Asterales:Asteraceae
musk/nodding thistle     Carduus nutans leiophyllus      Asterales:Asteraceae
plumeless thistle        Carduus acanthoides             Asterales:Asteraceae
puncturevine             Tribulus terrestris             Sapindales:Zygophyllaceae
rush skeletonweed        Chondrilla juncea               Asterales:Asteraceae
Russian knapweed         Acroptilon repens               Asterales:Asteraceae
Russian thistle          Salsola australis               Caryophyllales:Chenopodiaceae
Scotch broom             Cytisus scoparius               Fabales:Fabaceae
"Siam weed"              Chromolaena odorata             Asterales:Asteraceae
silverleaf nightshade    Solanum elaeagnifolium          Solanales:Solanaceae
spotted knapweed         Centaurea maculosa              Asterales:Asteraceae
velvetleaf               Abutilon theophrasti            Malvales:Malvaceae
waterhyacinth            Eichhornia crassipes            Liliales:Pontederiaceae
yellow starthistle       Centaurea solstitialis          Asterales:Asteraceae
yellow toadflax          Linaria vulgaris                Scrophulariales:Scrophulariaceae