Annual Report of Introduced Beneficial Organisms Released in the United States and Territories - 1984

Section II - Introduced Weed Control Agents Released in U.S. and Territories - 1984

PART B - Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species with Alphabetical List of Introduced Beneficial Species Released Against It; and Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Common Name

Class:    Liliopsida

Order of Host: Liliales
   Family of Host: Pontederiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
         Common name of host: waterhyacinth
            Species Released: Neochetina bruchi
                              Neochetina eichhorniae
                              Sameodes albiguttalis

Class:    Magnoliopsida

Order of Host: Asterales
   Family of Host: Asteraceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Acroptilon repens (L.) DC
         Common name of host: Russian knapweed
            Species Released: Subanguina picridis

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus acanthoides L.
         Common name of host: plumeless thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans leiophyllus (Petr.) Stoj.& Stef.
         Common name of host: musk/nodding thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus
                              Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman
         Common name of host: musk/nodding thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus pycnocephalus L.
         Common name of host: Italian thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea diffusa Lam.
         Common name of host: diffuse knapweed
            Species Released: Sphenoptera jugoslavica       Urophora affinis
                              Urophora quadrifasciata       Urophora spp.

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea jacea x nigra
         Common name of host: "meadow knapweed"
            Species Released: Urophora quadrifasciata

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea maculosa Lam.
         Common name of host: spotted knapweed
            Species Released: Agapeta zoegana               Metzneria paucipunctella
                              Pelochrista medullana         Urophora affinis
                              Urophora quadrifasciata

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea solstitialis L.
         Common name of host: yellow starthistle
            Species Released: Urophora sirunaseva

      Host Genus, species, author: Chromolaena odorata (L.)R. King & H. Robinsn
         Common name of host: "Siam weed"
            Species Released: Apion brunneonigrum
                              Mescinia sp.
                              Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata

      Host Genus, species, author: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
         Common name of host: Canada thistle
            Species Released: Hadroplontus litura
                              Urophora cardui

      Host Genus, species, author: Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
         Common name of host: bull thistle
            Species Released: Urophora stylata

      Host Genus, species, author: Onopordum acanthium L.
         Common name of host: Scotch thistle
            Species Released: Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
         Common name of host: milk thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

Order of Host: Caryophyllales
   Family of Host: Amaranthaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Alternanthera philoxeroides (C. Mart.) Griseb.
         Common name of host: alligatorweed
            Species Released: Agasicles hygrophila
                              Amynothrips andersoni

      Host Genus, species, author: Salsola australis R. Br.
         Common name of host: Russian thistle
            Species Released: Coleophora klimeschiella

Order of Host: Euphorbiales
   Family of Host: Euphorbiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia cyparissias L.
         Common name of host: cypress spurge
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia esula L.
         Common name of host: leafy spurge
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae
                              Oberea erythrocephala

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia sp.
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Hyles euphorbiae

Order of Host: Fabales
   Family of Host: Fabaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link
         Common name of host: Scotch broom
            Species Released: Apion fuscirostre

      Host Genus, species, author: Ulex europaeus L.
         Common name of host: gorse
            Species Released: Apion (Exapion) ulicis

Order of Host: Sapindales
   Family of Host: Zygophyllaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Tribulus terrestris L.
         Common name of host: puncturevine
            Species Released: Microlarinus spp.

Order of Host: Scrophulariales
   Family of Host: Scrophulariaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.
         Common name of host: Dalmatian toadflax
            Species Released: Calophasia lunula

      Host Genus, species, author: Linaria vulgaris Miller
         Common name of host: yellow toadflax
            Species Released: Calophasia lunula

Order of Host: Theales
   Family of Host: Clusiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Hypericum perforatum L.
         Common name of host: common St. Johnswort
            Species Released: Chrysolina quadrigemina
                              Chrysolina spp.


Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Common Name

Common Name             Genus-species                     Order:Family

alligatorweed           Alternanthera philoxeroides   Caryophyllales:Amaranthaceae
bull thistle            Cirsium vulgare               Asterales:Asteraceae
Canada thistle          Cirsium arvense               Asterales:Asteraceae
common St. Johnswort    Hypericum perforatum          Theales:Clusiaceae
cypress spurge          Euphorbia cyparissias         Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae
Dalmatian toadflax      Linaria dalmatica             Scrophulariales:Scrophulariaceae
diffuse knapweed        Centaurea diffusa             Asterales:Asteraceae
gorse                   Ulex europaeus                Fabales:Fabaceae
Italian thistle         Carduus pycnocephalus         Asterales:Asteraceae
leafy spurge            Euphorbia esula               Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae
"meadow knapweed"       Centaurea jacea x nigra       Asterales:Asteraceae
milk thistle            Silybum marianum              Asterales:Asteraceae
musk/nodding thistle    Carduus nutans leiophyllus    Asterales:Asteraceae
plumeless thistle       Carduus acanthoides           Asterales:Asteraceae
puncturevine            Tribulus terrestris           Sapindales:Zygophyllaceae
Russian knapweed        Acroptilon repens             Asterales:Asteraceae
Russian thistle         Salsola australis             Caryophyllales:Chenopodiaceae
Scotch broom            Cytisus scoparius             Fabales:Fabaceae
Scotch thistle          Onopordum acanthium           Asterales:Asteraceae
"Siam weed"             Chromolaena odorata           Asterales:Asteraceae
spotted knapweed        Centaurea maculosa            Asterales:Asteraceae
waterhyacinth           Eichhornia crassipes          Liliales:Pontederiaceae
yellow starthistle      Centaurea solstitialis        Asterales:Asteraceae
yellow toadflax         Linaria vulgaris              Scrophulariales:Scrophulariaceae