Annual Report of Introduced Beneficial Organisms Released in the United States and Territories - 1981

Section II - Introduced Weed Control Agents Released in U.S. and Territories - 1981

PART B - Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species with Alphabetical List of Introduced Beneficial Species Released Against It; Target Host Arranged Alphabetically by Common Name

Class:    Liliopsida

Order of Host: Liliales
   Family of Host: Pontederiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
         Common name of host: waterhyacinth
            Species Released: Neochetina bruchi                                   
                              Neochetina eichhorniae
                              Sameodes albiguttalis


Class:    Magnoliopsida

Order of Host: Asterales
   Family of Host: Asteraceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus acanthoides L.
         Common name of host: plumeless thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus                                 
                              Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans L.
         Common name of host: musk thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus                                 
                              Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans leiophyllus (Petr.) Stoj.& Stef.
         Common name of host: musk/nodding thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus                                 
                              Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus nutans macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman
         Common name of host: musk/nodding thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus
                              Trichosirocalus horridus

      Host Genus, species, author: Carduus pycnocephalus L.
         Common name of host: Italian thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea diffusa Lam.
         Common name of host: diffuse knapweed
            Species Released: Metzneria paucipunctella                            
                              Urophora affinis
                              Urophora quadrifasciata

      Host Genus, species, author: Centaurea maculosa Lam.
         Common name of host: spotted knapweed
            Species Released: Metzneria paucipunctella                            
                              Urophora affinis
                              Urophora quadrifasciata
             
      Host Genus, species, author: Chondrilla juncea L.
         Common name of host: rush skeletonweed
            Species Released: Cystiphora schmidti

      Host Genus, species, author: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
         Common name of host: Canada thistle
            Species Released: Hadroplontus litura                                 
                              Rhinocyllus conicus
                              Urophora cardui

      Host Genus, species, author: Cirsium sp.
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus

      Host Genus, species, author: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
         Common name of host: milk thistle
            Species Released: Rhinocyllus conicus


Order of Host: Caryophyllales
   Family of Host: Amaranthaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Alternanthera philoxeroides (C. Mart.) Griseb.
         Common name of host: alligatorweed
            Species Released: Agasicles hygrophila                                
                              Amynothrips andersoni

      Host Genus, species, author: Salsola australis R. Br.
         Common name of host: Russian thistle
            Species Released: Coleophora klimeschiella                            
                              Coleophora parthenica


Order of Host: Euphorbiales
   Family of Host: Euphorbiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia esula L.
         Common name of host: leafy spurge
            Species Released: Oberea erythrocephala

      Host Genus, species, author: Euphorbia sp.
         Common name of host:
            Species Released: Oberea erythrocephala


Order of Host: Sapindales
   Family of Host: Zygophyllaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Tribulus terrestris L.
         Common name of host: puncturevine
            Species Released: Microlarinus lareynii                               
                              Microlarinus lypriformis
             

Order of Host: Theales
   Family of Host: Clusiaceae
      Host Genus, species, author: Hypericum perforatum L.
         Common name of host: common St. Johnswort
            Species Released: Chrysolina quadrigemina                             
                              Zeuxidiplosis giardi
            



COMMON NAME                      
GENUS-SPECIES                                    
ORDER:FAMILY

                                 
Euphorbia sp.                                    
Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae

Canada thistle                   
Cirsium arvense                                  
Asterales:Asteraceae

Italian thistle                  
Carduus pycnocephalus                            
Asterales:Asteraceae

Russian thistle                  
Salsola australis                                
Caryophyllales:Chenopodiaceae

alligatorweed                    
Alternanthera philoxeroides                      
Caryophyllales:Amaranthaceae

common St. Johnswort             
Hypericum perforatum                             
Theales:Clusiaceae

diffuse knapweed                 
Centaurea diffusa                                
Asterales:Asteraceae

leafy spurge                     
Euphorbia esula                                  
Euphorbiales:Euphorbiaceae

milk thistle                     
Silybum marianum                                 
Asterales:Asteraceae

musk thistle                     
Carduus nutans                                   
Asterales:Asteraceae

musk/nodding thistle             
Carduus nutans macrocephalus                     
Asterales:Asteraceae

plumeless thistle                
Carduus acanthoides                              
Asterales:Asteraceae

puncturevine                     
Tribulus terrestris                              
Sapindales:Zygophyllaceae

rush skeletonweed                
Chondrilla juncea                                
Asterales:Asteraceae

spotted knapweed                 
Centaurea maculosa                               
Asterales:Asteraceae

waterhyacinth                    
Eichhornia crassipes                             
Liliales:Pontederiaceae