Taxon: Ceratonia siliqua L.

Common names:

• carob   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• locust-bean   (Source: Pl Book ) – English
  
• St. John's-bread   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• caroube   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• caroubier   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• Johannisbrotbraum   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• alfarrobeira   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• algarrobo   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• caroba   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• johannesbröd   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Food additives: flavoring   (fide Ency CNatIn)
  
• Food additives: sweetener   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Food additives: thickening agent   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Environmental: shade/shelter   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Human food: beverage base   (seeds used as a substitute for coffee & chocolate fide Edible HC; Ency CNatIn)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Fuels: charcoal   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Fuels: fuelwood   (fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Materials: alcohol   (carob bean gum for numerous uses fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Materials: gum/resin   (carob bean gum for numerous uses fide Batlle & Tous 1997)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  

More:

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Libya [n.e.]; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Israel; Lebanon; Syria [w.]; Turkey
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• widely naturalized

• widely cultivated

• exact native range obscure

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Batlle, I. & J. Tous. 1997. Carob tree. Ceratonia siliqua L. In: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 17:1–92.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance.
• Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops.
• Isely, D. 1975. Leguminosae of the United States: II. Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 25(2):134.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931–1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption.
• Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 123.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2.
• Magness, J. R. et al. 1971. Food and feed crops of the United States. IR Bull. 1.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Meikle, R. D. 1977–1985. Flora of Cyprus.
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
• National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future.
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Smythies, B. E. 1984–1986. Flora of Spain and the Balearic Islands: checklist of vascular plants. Englera 3:1-882.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the flora of Yemen.
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Ceratonia siliqua.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Ceratonia siliqua.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Ceratonia siliqua.

Check other web resources for Ceratonia siliqua L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• ILDIS: World Database of Legumes
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images or nodulation data:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• GRIN nodulation data

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

Ctrl P to print