Taxon: Celastrus scandens L.

Common names:

• American bittersweet   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• staffvine   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• waxwork   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• amerikansk träddödare   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Hortus 3)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Lampe & McCann)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Celastrus scandens from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Eastern Canada: Canada - Ontario, Quebec [s.]
  Western Canada: Canada - Manitoba [s.], Saskatchewan [s.e.]
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Montana [e.], Wyoming [e.]
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama [n.], Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia [n.], Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi [n.], North Carolina [w.], South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Brown, R. G. & M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody plants of Maryland.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• Ding Hou. 1955. A revision of the genus Celastrus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 42:240–242.
• Dorn, R. D. 1977. Manual of the vascular plants of Wyoming.
• Dorn, R. D. 1984. Vascular plants of Montana.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Duncan, W. H. & J. T. Kartesz. 1981. Vascular flora of Georgia: an annotated checklist.
• Eilers, L. J. & D. M. Roosa. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976).
• Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. [poisonous].
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Mitchell, R. S., ed. 1986. A checklist of New York state plants. New York State Mus. Bull. 458.
• Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967–. The vascular flora of Ohio.
• Ownbey, G. B. & T. Morley. 1991. Vascular plants of Minnesota: a checklist and atlas.
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
• Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
• Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England.
• Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas.
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri.
• Strausbaugh, T. D. & E. L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia, ed. 2.
• Voss, E. 1972–. Michigan flora.
• Wherry, E. T. et al. 1979. Atlas of the flora of Pennsylvania.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Celastrus scandens.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Celastrus scandens.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Celastrus scandens.

Check other web resources for Celastrus scandens L.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Celastrus scandens cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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