Taxon: Carthamus tinctorius L.

Common names:

• dyer's-saffron   (Source: Zander Ency ) – English
  
• false saffron   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• safflower   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• hong hua   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• hong lan hua   (Source: F Taiwan ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• carthame des teinturiers   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• safran bâtard   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• safranon   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – French
  
• safre   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – French
  
• Färber-Saflor   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Färberdistel   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• falscher Safran   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – German
  
• Saflor   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• cartamo   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• zaffrone   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• beni-bana   (Source: F Okin ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• iskkot   (Source: Kulturpflanze 34:87.) – Transcribed Korean
  
• açaflor   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  
• açafrão-bastardo   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• açafroa   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  
• alazor   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• azafrán bastardo   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• cártamo   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• alizeti ya miba   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
  
• kartamu   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
  
• safflor   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Food additives: adulterant   (of saffron fide F Turk)
  
• Harmful organism host: crop diseases   (fide Crop Prod Sci Hort 9:134.)
  
• Bee plants: honey production   (fide L. Gilbert, pers. comm. 2002)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (for cut-flower production (esp. dried flowers) fide L. Gilbert, pers. comm.)
  
• Human food: oil/fat   (fide Wealth India RM ed2, 3:310. 1992; PROTABASE)
  
• Human food: starch   (fide PROTABASE)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (seed-cake is high protein food supplement & used as birdseed fide Food Feed Crops US)
  
• Materials: lipids   (fide Wealth India RM ed2, 3:310-312. 1992)
  
• Materials: tannin/dyestuff   (fide Wealth India RM ed2, 3:310-312. 1992)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  

More:

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Egypt; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Lebanon; Syria
  Caucasus: Armenia
  China: China - Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Zhejiang
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Austria
  East Europe: Moldova; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Greece; Italy; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Massachusetts, Ohio
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California, Utah
  Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja California, San Luis Potosi
  Southern Mexico: Mexico - Michoacan
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Ireland; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Czech Republic; Germany; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Morocco
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Sudan
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
  West Tropical Africa: Burkina Faso; Mali; Nigeria
  South Tropical Africa: Zambia; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: Botswana; South Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Iraq; Turkey
  Caucasus: Azerbaijan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India
  Indo-China: Myanmar; Vietnam
  Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Austria; Hungary
  Southeastern Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Romania
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Southern South America: Argentina
• lesser cultivated elsewhere

• probable origin w. Asia

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Cannon, J. & M. Cannon. 1994. Dye plants and dyeing. The Herbert Press & The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1992. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials (revised edition). New Delhi.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Hanelt, P. 1963. Monographische Übersicht der Gattung Carthamus L. (Compositae). Feddes Repert. 67:90–91.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
• Havel, J. 1995. Rosliny Oleiste. 16:83–90.
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Li, D.-J. & H. H. Mündel. 1997. Safflower. Carthamus tinctorius L. Pp. 7:1–83 in: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops.
• Li, H. L. et al., eds. 1975–1979. Flora of Taiwan.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Magness, J. R. et al. 1971. Food and feed crops of the United States. IR Bull. 1.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
• Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:87.
• Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University. 1998. Medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Publications Western Pacific Series No. 21.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Ryder, E. J. 1999. Lettuce, endive and chicory. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 9:134. [mentions].
• Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991–. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
• Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993–. Flora of India.
• Thulin, M., ed. 1993–. Flora of Somalia.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina. [mentions].

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Carthamus tinctorius.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Carthamus tinctorius.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Carthamus tinctorius.

Check other web resources for Carthamus tinctorius L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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