Taxon: Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton

• the 5 historical accession(s) associated with this name.
• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

PR*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• apple-of-Sodom   (Source: Pl Book ) – English
  
• auricula-tree   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• cabbagetree   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• camelweed   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• French-cotton   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – English
  
• giant-milkweed   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ) – English
  
• kapoktree   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• Prince-of-Wales crown   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• rubberbush   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• rubbertree   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• small crownflower   (Source: AH 505 ) – English
  
• Sodom's-milkweed   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2 ) – English
  
• Sodom-apple   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ) – English
  
• swallowwort   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ) – English
  
• 'ushar   (Source: Ill L Qatar ) – Arabic
  
• ashkhar   (Source: Ill L Qatar ) – Arabic
  
• arbre à soie   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• calotrope   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – French
  
• Mudarpflanze   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Oscherstrauch   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• aak   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• akada   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• rui   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• madar   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – India (Hindi)
  
• mudar   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – India (Hindi)
  
• calotropo   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• algodão-de-seda   (Source: J. Fontella P., p.c.) – Portuguese
  
• calotropis   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• gråbladig kronbuske   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  
• akund   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – unknown
  

Economic importance:

• Medicines: folklore   (fide F ChinaEng; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Lampe & McCann; Use Pl WT Afr)
  
• Weed   (fide Noxweed Aust; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Calotropis procera from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Cape Verde
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Sudan
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda
  West-Central Tropical Africa: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea - Bioko
  West Tropical Africa: Gambia; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; Mauritania; Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Oman; Saudi Arabia; Yemen
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Israel; Jordan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India; Nepal; Pakistan
  Indo-China: Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam

• AFRICA
  Southern Africa: South Africa - North West
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California [s.]
  Mexico
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Cayman Islands; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Virgin Islands (British); Virgin Islands (U.S.)
  Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  Northern South America: Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil
  Southern South America: Paraguay

References:

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica.
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Arechavaleta, M. et al., eds. 2005. Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Berhaut, J. 1971–. Flore illustrée du Senegal.
• Brandao, M. 1995. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: uma nova invasora de pastagens já problemática em Minas Gerais (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: a problem pasture invader in Minas Gerais). Daphne 5:68–71. [weed in Minas Gerais, Brazil].
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
• Cufodontis, G. 1953–1972. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta.
• Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Farr, E. R. et al., eds. 1979. Index nomina genericorum.; suppl. 1986
• Fontella P., J. 1996. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
• George, A. S., ed. 1980–. Flora of Australia.
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984–. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Jagtap. A. P. & N. P. Singh. 1999. Asclepiadaceae. In: Botanical Survey of India, Fascicles of flora of India. 24:11–14.
• Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP).
• Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953–1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
• Krings, A. et al. 2005. New and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba: Calotropis gigantea and Gonolobus stephanotrichus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Willdenowia 35:315–318.
• Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. [poisonous].
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Liogier, A. H. 1981–. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
• Liogier, H. A. 1984–. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
• Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Migahid, A. M. 1988–1990. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agric. Handb. no. 505.
• Thulin, M., ed. 1993–. Flora of Somalia.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the flora of Yemen.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). [cultivated].
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Calotropis procera.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Calotropis procera.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Calotropis procera.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Asclepias procera Aiton (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• ABRS: Australian Biological Resources Study Flora of Australia online
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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