Taxon: Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AZ(as "Brassica niger")°, CO°, IA°, IL°, MA°, MI*°, NE°, PA°, SD°, WA(only in rapeseed)°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• black mustard   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• khardal   (Source: F Egypt ) – Arabic
  
• hei jie   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• moutarde noire   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• schwarzer Senf   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Senf-Kohl   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• senape nera   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• kuro-garashi   (Source: F Japan ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• mostarda-preta   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• mostaza negra   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• svartsenap   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Food additives: flavoring   (spice fide Food Feed Crops US)
  
• Environmental: soil improver   (fide Cover Crop Database)
  
• Gene sources: potential for disease resistance in rape   (fide Pl Breed (NY), based on a transgenic line of B. nigra resistant to both Phoma lingam and Plasmodiophora brassicae)
  
• Gene sources: potential for disease resistance in turnip   (fide Theor Appl Genet 102:487. 2001, based on the comparison and location of resistance genes in recombinant lines B-genome/B. napus)
  
• Gene sources: primary genetic relative of black mustard   (fide Guide Germ Brassica)
  
• Gene sources: progenitor of Abyssinian cabbage   (fide Genet Res Crop Evol 53:297. 2006)
  
• Gene sources: progenitor of mustard   (fide Euphytica 158:214. 2007)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of Abyssinian cabbage   (based on successful hybridization as male parent with Brassica carinata fide Euphytica 158:214, 217. 2007)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of kale   (fide Theor Appl Genet 94:605. 1997, based on successful production of F1 hybrids with B. oleracea as male parent)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of mustard   (based on successful hybridization reports with Brassica juncea as the female parent fide Euphytica 158:216. 2007)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of radish   (based on a record of hybrid formation with Raphanus sativus by ovary culture fide Guide Germ Brassica)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of rape   (fide Pl Breed 113:106. 2006, based on somatic hybridization with B. napus)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of turnip   (fide Euphytica 158:213, 217. 2007, based on reports of successful hybridization with Brassica rapa)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of white mustard   (fide Euphytica 158:213, 217. 2007, based on reports of successful hybridization with Sinapis alba)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Import Medicinal Pl; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Medicines: source of allyl isothiocyanate   (fide Import Medicinal Pl; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Brassica nigra from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan
  China: China - Gansu, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Ireland; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part [s.]; Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Spain [n.]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Cape Verde; Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia
  Southern Africa: South Africa - Mpumalanga
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indo-China: Vietnam
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Norway [s.]; Sweden [s.]
  East Europe: Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania
  Southwestern Europe: Portugal
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: U.S. Outlying Islands - Midway Islands; United States - Hawaii
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: Guatemala
  Western South America: Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile

• widely cultivated

• exact native range obscure

References:

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More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Brassica nigra.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Brassica nigra.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Brassica nigra.

Synonyms:

• (=) Brassica nigra var. abyssinica A. Braun
  
• (=) Brassica nigra var. bracteolata (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Spach
  
• (=) Brassica nigra subsp. hispida (O. E. Schulz) Gladis & K. Hammer
  
• (=) Brassica nigra var. torulosa (Pers.) Alef.
  
• (=) Brassica nigra [unranked] hispida O. E. Schulz
  
• Brassica sinapoides Rothm.
  
• (≡) Sinapis nigra L. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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