Taxon: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AK°, AZ°, CO°, IA°, IL°, MA°, MI*°, NE°, PA°, SD°, WI°, WV°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

See also subordinate taxa:

• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia (no accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia (no accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. integrifolia (no accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. japonica (no accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. longidens (1 accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa (8 accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. strumata (2 accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia (no accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. juncea (1 accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis (7 accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. multiceps (15 accessions)
• Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. tumida (no accessions)

Common names:

• big-stem mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. tumida]
  
• brown mustard   (Source: PROTABASE ) – English
  
• brown mustard   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• cabbage-leaf mustard   (Source: Wealth of India) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• canola   (Source: P. O'Sullivan, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• chicken mustard   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. multiceps]
  
• Chinese mustard   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – English
  
• chopped mustard   (Source: Herklots 1972) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. strumata]
  
• curled mustard   (Source: Gent Herb 2:264.1930) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia]
  
• cut-leaf mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia]
  
• cut-leaf mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. japonica]
  
• dissected-leaf mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia]
  
• dissected-leaf mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. japonica]
  
• hakka mustard   (Source: Pl Names ) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. longidens]
  
• head mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• horned mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. strumata]
  
• India mustard   (Source: Federal Seed Act ) – English
  
• Indian mustard   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Indian mustard   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• large-petiole mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. strumata]
  
• large-root mustard   (Source: Opera Bot 55:16.1980 [as Brassica juncea var. napiformis]) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• leaf mustard   (Source: Gent Herb 2:263.1930 [as Brassica juncea var. foliosa]) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia]
  
• leaf mustard   (Source: PROTABASE ) – English
  
• multishoot mustard   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. multiceps]
  
• nine-head mustard   (Source: Herklots 1972) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. multiceps]
  
• oilseed mustard   (Source: Genet Res Crop Evol ) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• Oriental mustard   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• ostrich-plume   (Source: Gent Herb 2:264.1930) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia]
  
• root mustard   (Source: J. McFerson, p.c.) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• southern curled mustard   (Source: Gent Herb 2:264.1930) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia]
  
• Swatow mustard   (Source: Herklots 1972) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• swollen-stem mustard   (Source: Herklots 1972) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. tumida]
  
• tuberous-root mustard   (Source: Kitamura 1950 [as Brassica juncea var. napiformis]) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• turnip-root mustard   (Source: Gent Herb 2:257.1930 [as Brassica juncea var. napiformis]) – English   [Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• vegetable mustard   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – English
  
• jie cai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• jie cai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• jie cai ge da   (Source: F ChinaEng [as Brassica juncea var. napiformis]) – Transcribed Chinese   [Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• shui cai   (Source: Pl Names ) – Transcribed Chinese   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. japonica]
  
• zha cai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese   [Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. tumida]
  
• moutarde brune   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• moutarde brune   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• moutarde de Chine   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• moutarde de Chine   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• moutarde de Sarepta   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• moutarde frisée   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  
• moutarde indienne   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – French
  
• brauner Senf   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• brauner Senf   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Ruten-Kohl   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Sarepta-Senf   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Sareptasenf   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• rai   (Source: Wealth India RM ) – India   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• raya   (Source: Wealth India RM ) – India   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• sawi   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – Indonesian
  
• sesawi   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – Indonesian
  
• senape indiana   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• irana   (Source: Kitamura 1950) – Japanese Rōmaji   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. japonica]
  
• karashi   (Source: Kitamura 1950) – Japanese Rōmaji   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• karashi-na   (Source: F Japan ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• setsuriko   (Source: Kitamura 1950 [as Brassica juncea var. foliosa]) – Japanese Rōmaji   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia]
  
• takana   (Source: Kitamura 1950) – Japanese Rōmaji   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. integrifolia]
  
• gas   (Source: Kulturpflanze 34:85.) – Transcribed Korean
  
• kai choy   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – Malay
  
• sawi pahit   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 8:104.) – Malay
  
• mostarda-indiana   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  
• mostarda-vermelha   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• mostarda-vermelha   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  
• mostaza de la tierra   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish   [Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• mostaza de Sarepta   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• mostaza india   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• mostaza india   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish   [Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• haradali   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
  
• mastadi   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
  
• sareptasenap   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: potential for pollution control   (as heavy metal hyperaccumulator fide J Appl Biosci 13:726-736. 2009)
  
• Human food: oil/fat   (fide PROTABASE)
  
• Human food: seeds   (fide PROTABASE)
  
• Human food: vegetable   (fide PROTABASE)
  
• Gene sources: gene transfer for rape   (fide Theor Appl Genet 92:786. 1996, based on crosses with Erucastrum abyssinicum to produce hybrids as "bridge species")
  
• Gene sources: potential for disease resistance in kale   (fide Euphytica 136:318. 2004)
  
• Gene sources: potential for disease resistance in turnip   (fide Theor Appl Genet 102:487. 2001)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of Abyssinian cabbage   (fide Euphytica 164:367. 2008, based on reports of poor seed set in crosses with B. carinata)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of black mustard   (fide Euphytica 158:213, 217. 2007, based on reports of successful hybridization with Brassica nigra as the male parent)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of rape   (fide Transgenic Res 3:263. 1994, based on successful hybridization with B. napus)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of arugula   (fide Euphytica 158:213, 217. 2007, based on reports of successful hybridization with Eruca vesicaria)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of crambe   (fide Euphytica 101:1. 1998, reporting hybridization with Crambe abyssinica)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of kale   (fide Euphytica 136:314. 2004, based on successful hybridization with B. oleracea using in vitro techniques)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of radish   (based on report of hybrids with Raphanus sativus fide Guide Germ Brassica)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of turnip   (fide Euphytica 158:213, 217. 2007, based on reports of successful hybridization with Brassica rapa)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of white mustard   (fide Euphytica 158:213, 216, 217. 2007, based on reports of some successful hybridization with Sinapis alba)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Brassica juncea from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Spain - Canary Islands
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
  West-Central Tropical Africa: Zaire
  South Tropical Africa: Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: Botswana; South Africa
  Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius; Reunion
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Yemen
  Caucasus: Azerbaijan; Georgia
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia [s.], Western Siberia [s.]
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India [n.]; Sri Lanka
  Malesia: Philippines
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Norway [s.]; Sweden [s.]
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: Spain [n.e.]
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
  South-Central Pacific: French Polynesia
  Southwestern Pacific: Fiji; New Caledonia; Niue
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Netherlands Antilles; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines; Trinidad and Tobago - Trinidad; Virgin Islands (British) - Virgin Gorda; Virgin Islands (U.S.) - St. Croix
  Mesoamerica: Belize; Guatemala; Nicaragua
  Northern South America: French Guiana
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Paraguay - Alto Paraguay

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Tunisia

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia

• AFRICA
  Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India [n.]; Pakistan; Sri Lanka
  Indo-China: Thailand
  Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines
• EUROPE
  Europe [s.e. & n.]
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  North America
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  South America

References:

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• Anamika S., S. E. & M. H. Fulekar. 2009. Phytoremediation of cadmium, lead and zinc by Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss. J. Appl. Biosci. 13:726–736.
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More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Brassica juncea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Brassica juncea.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Brassica juncea.

Synonyms:

• (=) Brassica besseriana Andrz.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• Brassica cernua (Thunb.) F. B. Forbes & Hemsl. [= Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• (≡) Brassica chenopodiifolia Sennen & Pau
  
• Brassica integrifolia (H. West) Rupr. [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. integrifolia]
  
• Brassica juncea var. agrestis Prain [= Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• "Brassica juncea var. capitata M. Tsen & S. H. Lee, nom. nud." [= Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• Brassica juncea var. cuneifolia (Roxb.) Kitam. [= Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• Brassica juncea var. foliosa L. H. Bailey [= Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. subintegrifolia]
  
• Brassica juncea var. gracilis M. Tsen & S. H. Lee [= Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• Brassica juncea var. megarrhiza M. Tsen & S. H. Lee [= Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• Brassica juncea var. multisecta L. H. Bailey [= Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• Brassica juncea var. napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) Kitam. [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  (previously associated with 9 accessions)
• Brassica juncea var. oleifera Prain [= Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• Brassica juncea subsp. rugosa (Roxb.) Prain [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  (previously associated with 10 accessions)
• "Brassica juncea var. tsatsai ined." [= Brassica juncea subsp. tsatsai var. tumida]
  
• Brassica napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) L. H. Bailey [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• Brassica rugosa (Roxb.) L. H. Bailey [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  (previously associated with 4 accessions)
• (≡) Brassica timoriana (DC.) F. Muell.
  
• Sinapis cernua Thunb. [= Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• Sinapis cuneifolia Roxb. [= Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• Sinapis integrifolia H. West [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. integrifolia]
  
• Sinapis japonica Thunb. [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. japonica]
  
• Sinapis juncea L. [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. juncea]
  
• Sinapis juncea var. napiformis Pailleux & Bois [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis]
  
• Sinapis rugosa Roxb. [≡ Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia var. rugosa]
  
• (≡) Sinapis timoriana DC.
  

Check other web resources for Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.:

• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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