Taxon: Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• deer fern   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• hard fern   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• gewöhnlicher Rippenfarn   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Zander ed13)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Lebanon; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Subarctic America: United States - Alaska
  Western Canada: Canada - British Columbia
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Idaho, Oregon, Washington
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California

• also cultivated

References:

• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Mickel, J. T. & A. R. Smith. 2004. The pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88:1-1054. [mentions].
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, second edition. [= B. spicant (L.) Roth].

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Blechnum spicant.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Blechnum spicant.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Blechnum spicant.

Check other web resources for Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Blechnum spicant cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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