Taxon: Betula pendula Roth

See also subordinate taxa:

• Betula pendula var. oycoviensis (no accessions)

Common names:

• European white birch   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• silver birch   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• weeping birch   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• chui zhi hua   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• bouleau pleureur   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• betulla   (Source: Mult Glossary Trees ) – Italian
  
• vårtbjörk   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Hortus 3)
  
• Materials: lipids   (source of birch tar lipids fide Ency CNatIn)
  
• Materials: wood   (fide Wikipedia)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Herbal Drugs)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Rep NCEPPC)
  

More:

View phytochemical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Morocco [n.]
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Iran [n.]; Iraq [n.]; Turkey
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Western Siberia, Yakutia-Sakha
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan [n.]
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  China: China - Xinjiang [n.]
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece; Italy [incl. Sicily]; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Spain

• sometimes naturalized elsewhere

• also cultivated

References:

• Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia (on-line resource).
• Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis.
• Campbell, F. T., ed. 1995. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils. (unpublished draft)
• Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989–. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Czerepanov, S. K. Additamenta et corrigenda ad "Floram URSS." 1973
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
• Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales.
• Govaerts, R. 1996. (1261) Proposal to reject the name Betula alba (Betulaceae). Taxon 45:697–698.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
• Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972–. Atlas florae europaeae.
• Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Meyer, F. G. et al. 1994. A catalog of cultivated woody plants of the southeastern United States.
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, second edition.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Betula pendula.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Betula pendula.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Betula pendula.

Synonyms:

• (=) Betula pendula f. dalecarlica (L. f.) C. K. Schneid.
  
• (=) Betula pendula f. purpurea (André) C. K. Schneid.
  
• (=) Betula verrucosa Ehrh.
  

Check other web resources for Betula pendula Roth:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Betula pendula cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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