Taxon: Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Abies balsamea forma hudsonia (no accessions)

Common names:

• balsam   (Source: AH 271 ) – English
  
• balsam fir   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Canada balsam   (Source: AH 271 ) – English
  
• eastern fir   (Source: AH 271 ) – English
  
• fir balsam   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• sapin balsamier   (Source: HerbSpices ) – French
  
• sapin baumier   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• Balsamtanne   (Source: HerbSpices ) – German
  
• abete balsamifero   (Source: Mult Glossary Trees ) – Italian
  
• balsamgran   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Hortus 3)
  
• Materials: essential oils   (fide HerbSpices)
  
• Materials: fiber   (fide AH 519)
  
• Materials: gum/resin   (fide AH 519)
  
• Materials: wood   (fide AH 519)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Social: religious/secular   (Christmas tree and decorations fide AH 519)
  

More:

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Virginia

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature.
• Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986–1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Fowells, H. A. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United States.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 2000. International code of botanical nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). Art. 23.5, Ex. 5, 6.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Abies balsamea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Abies balsamea.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Abies balsamea.

Synonyms:

• (=) Abies balsamea f. nana (J. Nelson) Beissn.
  
• (=) Abies balsamea f. phanerolepis (Fernald) Rehder
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis Fernald
  
• (=) Abies ×phanerolepis (Fernald) Tang S. Liu
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (≡) Pinus balsamea L. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.:

• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Gymnosperm Database of Christopher J. Earle
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Abies balsamea cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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