Taxon: Verbena litoralis Kunth

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• Brazilian vervain   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• common verbena   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• seashore vervain   (Source: F Florida ) – English
  

Economic importance:

• View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Northern Mexico: Mexico - Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas
  Southern Mexico: Mexico - Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Federal District, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Revillagigedo, Tabasco, Veracruz
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  Northern South America: Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil - Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina
  Western South America: Bolivia - Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija; Colombia; Ecuador - Azuay, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Galapagos Islands, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe; Peru - Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huanuco, Junin, La Libertad, Lima, Loreto, Piura, San Martin, Tacna
  Southern South America: Argentina - Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman; Chile - Atacama, Coquimbo, Juan Fernandez, Santiago, Tarapaca, Valparaiso; Paraguay; Uruguay

• AFRICA
  Southern Africa: South Africa
  Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius; Reunion
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia [e.]
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Italy
  Southwestern Europe: Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Puerto Rico

References:

• Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85.
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969–. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios.
• Cabrera, A. L., dir. 1977–. Flora de la provincia de Jujuy, Republica Argentina.
• Cabrera, A. L., ed. 1965–1970. Flora de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• D'Arcy, W. G. 1987. Flora of Panama: checklist and index. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. vols. 17-18.
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978–. Flora de Veracruz.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75.
• Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catalogo de la flora vascular de Chile.
• Moldenke, H. N. 1980. A sixth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Chloanthaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution and synonymy. Phytologia Mem. 2:68.
• Munir, A. A. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the genus Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 20:64.
• Nesom, G. L. 2010. Taxonomic notes on Verbena bonariensis (Verbenaceae) and related species in the USA. Phytoneuron 2010–12:9–11.
• O'Leary, N. et al. 2007. Revisión taxonómica de las especies del género Verbena (Verbenaceae): serie Pachystachyae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94:593–600.
• Perry, L. M. 1933. A revision of the North American species of Verbena. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:257.
• Pittier, H. F. et al. 1945–1947. Catálogo de la flora venezolana.
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala.
• Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama.
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida.
• Yeo, P. F. 1990. A re-definition of Verbena brasiliensis. Kew Bull. 45:102.
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Verbena litoralis.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Verbena litoralis.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Verbena litoralis.

Synonyms:

• (=) Verbena gentryi Moldenke
  
• (=) Verbena longifolia M. Martens & Galeotti
  

Check other web resources for Verbena litoralis Kunth:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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