Taxon: Manihot esculenta Crantz

See also subordinate taxa:

• Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta (2 accessions)
• Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia (no accessions)
• Manihot esculenta subsp. peruviana (no accessions)

Common names:

• Brazilian arrowroot   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 9:107.) – English   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• cassava   (Source: Pl Names ) – English
  
• cassava   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• manioc   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• tapioca   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2 ) – English   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• tapioca-plant   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• Kassave   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• Maniok   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• kasaba   (Source: not available) – Japanese Rōmaji   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• mandioca   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• yuca   (Source: Cornucopia ) – Spanish   [Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Northern South America: Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela - Amazonas
  Brazil: Brazil - Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Goias, Mato Grosso, Para, Rondonia, Roraima, Tocantins
  Western South America: Bolivia - La Paz; Peru - Loreto, San Martin

• cultivated throughout tropics

References:

• Allem, A. C. 1994. The origin of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae). Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 41:133–150.
• Balakrishnan, N. P. & T. Chakrabarty. 2007. The family Euphorbiaceae in India; a synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography. (Euphorb India)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. (L Euphorb)
• Olsen, K. M. & B. A. Schaal. 2001. Microsatellite variation in cassava (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) and its wild relatives: further evidence for a southern Amazonian origin of domestication. Amer. J. Bot. 88:131–142.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Rogers, D. J. & S. G. Appan. 1973. Manihot, Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae). In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 13:25–34.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Manihot esculenta.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Manihot esculenta. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• Jatropha dulcis J. F. Gmel. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• Jatropha manihot L. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• Manihot aipi Pohl [= Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• Manihot dulcis (J. F. Gmel.) Pax [= Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  (previously associated with 6 accessions)
• Manihot flabellifolia Pohl [≡ Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  
• Manihot leptopoda (Müll. Arg.) D. J. Rogers & Appan [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  
• Manihot manihot (L.) Cockerell, nom. inval. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  
• Manihot melanobasis Müll. Arg. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  
• Manihot palmata Müll. Arg. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  (previously associated with 8 accessions)
• Manihot palmata var. leptopoda Müll. Arg. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  
• Manihot peruviana Müll. Arg. [≡ Manihot esculenta subsp. peruviana]
  
• Manihot saxicola Lanj. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  
• Manihot tristis Müll. Arg. [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  (previously associated with 4 accessions)
• Manihot tristis subsp. saxicola (Lanj.) D. J. Rogers & Appan [= Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia]
  
• Manihot utilissima Pohl [= Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta]
  (previously associated with 133 accessions)

Check other databases for Manihot esculenta Crantz:

• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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