Taxon: Viola adunca Sm.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Viola adunca var. adunca (no accessions)
• Viola adunca var. cascadensis (no accessions)
• Viola adunca var. uncinulata (no accessions)

Common names:

• blue violet   (Source: F Utah ed2 ) – English
  
• early-blue violet   (Source: F Alberta ) – English
  
• hook-spur violet   (Source: F Yukon ) – English
  
• sand violet   (Source: F Mich ) – English
  
• western dog violet   (Source: F CalifJep ) – English
  

Economic importance:

• View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Subarctic America: Canada - Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory; Greenland; United States - Alaska
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California

References:

• Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
• Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
• Holmgren, N. H. 1992. Two new species of Viola (Violaceae from the intermountain west, USA. Brittonia 44:304.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles. 1969. Arizona flora, ed. 2.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
• Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2.
• Russell, N. H. 1965. Violets (Viola) of central and eastern United States: An introductory survey. Sida 2:8.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
• Voss, E. 1972–. Michigan flora.
• Welsh, S. L. et al. 1993. A Utah flora. [lists as V. adunca Sm. ex Rees].
• Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. [lists as V. adunca Sm. ex Rees].

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Viola adunca.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Viola adunca.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Viola adunca.

Synonyms:

• Viola cascadensis M. S. Baker [≡ Viola adunca var. cascadensis]
  
• Viola uncinulata Greene [≡ Viola adunca var. uncinulata]
  

Check other web resources for Viola adunca Sm.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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