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Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area
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Taxon: Xanthium strumarium L.

Genus: Xanthium
Family: Asteraceae (alt. Compositae).
Nomen number: 42072
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:987. 1753
Typification: View record from Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project of the Natural History Museum of London.
Name verified on: 27-Nov-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-Sep-2005
No species priority site assigned.
Accessions: 1 in National Plant Germplasm System.
  • all available ) NPGS accessions ) or .
  • all available ) NPGS accessions by country.


SPECIES RESTRICTED BECAUSE STATE NOXIOUS WEED
A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:
DE°, IA°, MD°, MI*°, PR*.
ªAquatic. *Terrestrial. °In seed.
Link to noxious weed information from Invaders Database System

See also subordinate taxa:


Common names:

  • California-bur   (Source: Econ Pl Aust [as X. orientale]) – English
  • cocklebur   (Source: Pl Book ) – English
  • cocklebur   (Source: not available) – English   [Xanthium strumarium var. canadense]
  • large cocklebur   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  • rough cocklebur   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  • rough cocklebur   (Source: F Florida ) – English   [Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum]
  • kankerroos   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  • carrapicho-de-carneiro   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  • carrapicho-grande   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)

Economic importance:

More:

Distributional range:

      Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)
  • ASIA-TEMPERATE
    Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Turkey
    Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia
    Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
    Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
    Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Primorye, Sakhalin
    Mongolia: Mongolia
    China: China
    Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea
  • EUROPE
    Middle Europe: Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Poland; Switzerland
    East Europe: Belarus; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
    Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania
    Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Spain [incl. Baleares]
  • NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
    Eastern Canada: Canada - Ontario, Quebec
    Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
    Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine [s.], Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
    North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin
    Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming
    Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
    South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
    Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah
    Mexico
  • SOUTHERN AMERICA
    Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Bahamas; Cuba; Dominica; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis - Nevis

      Naturalized: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)
  • worldwide weed, naturalized in Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Central America, South America, Macaronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, & Hawaii

References:

  • Botanical Society of the British Isles. 2007. BSBI checklist. (BSBI)
  • Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt. (F Egypt)
  • Breedlove, D. E., ed. 1981–. Flora of Chiapas. (F Chiapas)
  • Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. (F Bahamas)
  • Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. (F Tex)
  • Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora. (Intermt F)
  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
  • Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. (Glea Cron)
  • Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
  • Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. (L Macar ed4)
  • Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. (L Nepal)
  • Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
  • Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413. (Weeds SAfr)
  • Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
  • Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW)
  • Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
  • Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
  • Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
  • Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust) [= X. orientale L.].
  • Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2. (Pl Book)
  • Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York. (F NE US)
  • Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
  • McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. (F GPlains)
  • McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
  • Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system - on-line resource. (Can Poison Pl)
  • Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. (F CalifMunz)
  • Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. (Noxweed Aust) [recognize three species usually included in X. strumarium complex].
  • Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones. (F Tunis)
  • Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. (F SE US)
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
  • Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. (F Canada)
  • Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
  • Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. (F TE Afr)
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
  • Valdés, B. et al., eds. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification. (L NMaroc)
  • Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
More:

Synonyms:


Check other databases for Xanthium strumarium L.:

  • Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
  • Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
  • PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
  • TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
  • Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
  • ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
  • AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
  • Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
    Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

  • GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
  • Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Fruit: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
  • Fruit inner wall: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
More:
  • Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
  • Google Images Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy
| USDA | ARS | GRIN | NPGS | New Search |
Cite as:
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?42072 (09 February 2010)

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