USDA ARS United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
  GRIN Taxonomy for Plants
Jump to common names  Jump to economic impacts  Jump to distribution  Jump to references  Jump to synonyms  Jump to links to other online resources  Jump to images

***Please tell us why you value GRIN Taxonomy***

Taxon: Xanthium strumarium L.

Genus: Xanthium
Family: Asteraceae (alt. Compositae).
Nomen number: 42072
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:987. 1753
Typification: View record from Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project of the Natural History Museum of London.
Comment: treated here in the broad sense
Name verified on: 25-Mar-2012 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 25-Mar-2012
No species priority site assigned.
Accessions: 2 in National Plant Germplasm System.
  • all available ) NPGS accessions. or .
  • all available ) NPGS accessions by country.
  • Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.


SPECIES RESTRICTED AS A STATE NOXIOUS WEED
A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:
DE°, IA°, IA(as Xanthium commune)*, IN(as Xanthium pensylvanicum)°, MD°, MI*°, PR*.
ªAquatic. *Terrestrial. °In seed.
Link to noxious weed information from Invaders Database System

Common names:

  • California-bur   (Source: Econ Pl Aust [as X. orientale]) – English
  • Canada cocklebur   (Source: PLANTS ) – English
  • cocklebur   (Source: Pl Book ) – English
  • ditchbur   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  • large cocklebur   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  • Noogoora-bur   (Source: Econ Pl Aust [as X. pungens]) – English
  • rough cocklebur   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  • Siberian cocklebur   (Source: Herbs Commerce ed2 [as X. sibiricum]) – English
  • kankerroos   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  • cang er   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  • lampourde glouteron   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  • gewöhnliche Spitzklette   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  • o-namomi   (Source: F Japan ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  • carrapicho-de-carneiro   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  • carrapicho-grande   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  • gullfrö   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish

Economic importance:

More:

Distributional range:

      Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)
  • AFRICA
    Northern Africa: Egypt; Morocco
  • ASIA-TEMPERATE
    Western Asia: Afghanistan; Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
    Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia
    Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
    Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
    Mongolia: Mongolia
    Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Primorye, Sakhalin
    China: China - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang
    Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea; Taiwan
  • ASIA-TROPICAL
    Indian Subcontinent: India
  • EUROPE
    Middle Europe: Austria; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
    East Europe: Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine - Krym
    Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
    Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain
  • NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
    Subarctic America: United States - Alaska
    Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
    Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
    Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine [s.], Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
    North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin
    Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming
    Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
    South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
    Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah
    Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Norte, Baja Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
    Southern Mexico: Mexico - Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Federal District, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Veracruz, Yucatan
  • SOUTHERN AMERICA
    Northern South America: Venezuela

      Naturalized: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)
  • AFRICA
    Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
    Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Morocco; Tunisia
    Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Sudan
    East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania
    West Tropical Africa: Nigeria
    South Tropical Africa: Mozambique; Zimbabwe
    Southern Africa: Botswana; Lesotho; South Africa; Swaziland
    Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius; Reunion
  • ASIA-TEMPERATE
    Arabian Peninsula: Yemen
    Western Asia: Israel; Turkey
    Caucasus: Armenia; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia
  • ASIA-TROPICAL
    Indian Subcontinent: Nepal
    Indo-China: Thailand
    Malesia: Philippines
  • AUSTRALASIA
    Australia: Australia
    New Zealand: New Zealand
  • EUROPE
    Northern Europe: United Kingdom
    Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
    East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
    Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
    Southwestern Europe: Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]
  • PACIFIC
    North-Central Pacific: U.S. Outlying Islands - Midway Islands; United States - Hawaii
    South-Central Pacific: French Polynesia
    Southwestern Pacific: Fiji; New Caledonia
  • SOUTHERN AMERICA
    Caribbean: Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Bahamas; Cuba; Dominica; Hispaniola; Martinique; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis - Nevis; Virgin Islands (British) - Tortola; Virgin Islands (U.S.)

      Other:
  • exact native range obscure

References:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98.
  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
  • Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
  • BernhardSmith, A. 1923. Poisonous plants of all countries, 2nd ed. [poisonous].
  • Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976–. Flores des Mascareignes.
  • Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
  • Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt.
  • Breedlove, D. E., ed. 1981–. Flora of Chiapas.
  • Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
  • Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
  • Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
  • Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora.
  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  • Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
  • Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  • FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
  • Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
  • Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
  • Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
  • Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
  • Grubov, V. I. 2001. Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia.
  • Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
  • Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
  • Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
  • Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
  • Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413.
  • Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
  • Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
  • Hokche, O. et al. 2008. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola.
  • Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
  • Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
  • Hyde, M. et al. Flora of Mozambique (on-line resource).
  • Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
  • Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
  • Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  • Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan.
  • Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. [poisonous].
  • Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
  • Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. [= X. orientale L.].
  • Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2.
  • Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
  • Martin, W. C. & C. R. Hutchins. 1980. A flora of New Mexico.
  • McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
  • McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
  • Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
  • Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora.
  • Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University. 1998. Medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Publications Western Pacific Series No. 21.
  • Oh, S.-Y. & J.-H. Pak. 2001. Distribution maps of vascular plants in Korea.
  • Pammel, L. H. 1911. Manual of poisonous plants. [poisonous].
  • Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. [recognize three species usually included in X. strumarium complex].
  • Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
  • Radford, A. E. et al., eds. 1980–. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
  • Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. 1991–. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes.
  • Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
  • Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
  • Thulin, M., ed. 1993–. Flora of Somalia.
  • Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
  • Valdés, B. et al., eds. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification.
  • Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
  • Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i.
  • Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
  • Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the flora of Yemen.
  • Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
  • Wursten, B. et al. Flora of Zimbabwe (on-line resource).
More:

Synonyms:


Check other web resources for Xanthium strumarium L.:


Images:

  • GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
  • Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Fruit: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
  • Fruit inner wall: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
More:
  • Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
  • Google Images Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy
| USDA | ARS | GRIN | NPGS | New Search |
Cite as:
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?42072 (18 May 2013)

Please send us your comments

Close Window

Ctrl P to print