Taxon: Verbena bonariensis L.

• the 4 historical accession(s) associated with this name.
• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• Argentine vervain   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• cluster-flower verbena   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• cluster-flower vervain   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• purpletop   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• purpletop verbena   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• purpletop vervain   (Source: F Florida ) – English
  
• South American vervain   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• tall verbena   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• wild verbena   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• sanjaku-bā-bena   (Source: F JapanOhwi ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• jätteverbena   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Kew Bull 45:101, 109. 1990; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (naturalized in several countries fide F Jujuy; Atlas WWeed; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Brazil: Brazil - Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo
  Western South America: Bolivia - Tarija
  Southern South America: Argentina - Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Misiones, Rio Negro, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Tucuman; Paraguay; Uruguay

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius; Reunion
  Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: West Indies

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. Flora of Java.
• Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976–. Flores des Mascareignes.
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969–. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios.
• Cabrera, A. L., dir. 1977–. Flora de la provincia de Jujuy, Republica Argentina.
• Cabrera, A. L., ed. 1965–1970. Flora de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
• Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. African flowering plants database (on-line resource).
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936–1971. Flora of Peru.; new ser. 1980-
• Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
• Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catalogo de la flora vascular de Chile.
• Moldenke, H. N. 1980. A sixth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Chloanthaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution and synonymy. Phytologia Mem. 2:67.
• Munir, A. A. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the genus Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 18:30–39.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Nesom, G. L. 2010. Taxonomic notes on Verbena bonariensis (Verbenaceae) and related species in the USA. Phytoneuron 2010–12:3–4.
• O'Leary, N. et al. 2007. Revisión taxonómica de las especies del género Verbena (Verbenaceae): serie Pachystachyae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94:580–584.
• Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida.
• Yeo, P. F. 1990. A re-definition of Verbena brasiliensis. Kew Bull. 45:105.
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Verbena bonariensis.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Verbena bonariensis.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Verbena bonariensis.

Synonyms:

• (=) Verbena bonariensis var. conglomerata Briq.
  

Check other web resources for Verbena bonariensis L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Flower: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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