Taxon: Pulmonaria officinalis L.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• bloody-butcher   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• boys-and-girls   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• hundreds-and-thousands   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• Jerusalem cowslip   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• Jerusalem-sage   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• Joseph-and-Mary   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• lungwort   (Source: Herbs Commerce ) – English
  
• Mary-spilt-the-milk   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• soldiers-and sailors   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• spotted-dog   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• pulmonaire officinale   (Source: Zander Ency ) – French
  
• echtes Lungenkraut   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• kleingeflecktes Lungenkraut   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• fläcklungört   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Zander ed14; Pulmonaria 43. 2003)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Sweden [s.]
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [w.]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [n.]; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• American Herbal Products Association. 1992. Herbs of commerce.
• Bennett, M. 2003. Pulmonarias and the Borage family. 43.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Pulmonaria officinalis.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Pulmonaria officinalis.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Pulmonaria officinalis.

Check other web resources for Pulmonaria officinalis L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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