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Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area
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Taxon: Arachis hypogaea L.

Genus: Arachis section: Arachis
Family: Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) subfamily: Faboideae tribe: Dalbergieae. Also placed in: Papilionaceae
Nomen number: 3785
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:741. 1753
Typification: View record from Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project of the Natural History Museum of London.
Name verified on: 22-Dec-2009 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-Dec-2009
Species priority site is: Southern Regional PI Station (S9).
Accessions: 6799 in National Plant Germplasm System.
  • all available ) NPGS accessions ) or .
  • all available ) NPGS accessions by country.
  • only available ) NPGS core subset accessions for the crop ‘PEANUTS’ ) or .


See also subordinate taxa:


Common names:

  • goober   (Source: AH 505 ) – English
  • groundnut   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  • peanut   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  • Spanish peanut   (Source: Bonplandia 8:154.) – English   [Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris]
  • Valencia peanut   (Source: Bonplandia 8:153.) – English   [Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata]
  • Virginia peanut   (Source: Crit Rev Pl Sci [8:189.]) – English   [Arachis hypogaea subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea]
  • arachide   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  • cacahuète   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  • pistache de terre   (Source: PROTABASE ) – French
  • Erdnuß   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  • amendoim   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  • caranga   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  • mandobi   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Portuguese
  • avellana americana   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  • cacahuete   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  • huasquillo   (Source: Bonplandia 8:154.) – Spanish   [Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. aequatoriana]
  • maní   (Source: Bonplandia 8:147.) – Spanish
  • zaruma   (Source: Bonplandia 8:154.) – Spanish (Ecuador)   [Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. aequatoriana]
  • karanga   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
  • mjugu nyasa   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
  • mnjugu nyasa   (Source: PROTABASE ) – Swahili
More:

Economic importance:

More:

Distributional range:

      Cultivated:
  • only cultivated

References:

  • PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) - on-line resource. (PROTABASE)
  • Burow, M. D. et al. 2001. Transmission genetics of chromatin from a synthetic amphidiploid to cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): broadening the gene pool of a monophyletic polyploid species. Genetics 159:823–837. [backcrosses lines were generated using a synthetic polyploid (A. batizocoi X (A. cardenasii X A. diogoi)) and A. hypogaea as recurrent parent to develop a molecular map, study transmission genetics and identify molecular markers associated with reproductive isolation; found that the genome of the allopolyploid had 12-21% bands shared with A. hypogaea supporting the view that any of the parental species of the synthetic polyploid are not directly linked to the cultivated species].
  • Burow, M. D. et al. 2009. Molecular biogeographic study of recently described B- and A-genome Arachis species, also providing new insights into the origins of cultivated peanut. Genome 52:107–109. [found DNA markers in A. hypogaea that matched those from a hypothetical cross between A. duranensis and A. ipaensis].
  • Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  • Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
  • Galgaro, L. et al. 1998. Genetic variation between several species of sections ExtranervosaeCaulorrhizae, Heteranthae, and Triseminatae (genus Arachis) estimated by DNA polymorphism. Genome 41:445–454. [used one non-USDA accession of this species, found that although morphological and agronomic traits are variable, molecular markers reveal only low level of genetic polymorphism].
  • Hermann, F. J. 1954. A synopsis of the genus Arachis. Agric. Monogr. U.S.D.A. 19:13.
  • Hilu, K. W. & H. T. Stalker. 1995. Genetic relationships between peanut and wild species of Arachis sect. Arachis (Fabaceae): evidence from RAPDs. Pl. Syst. Evol. 198:167–178. [examines inter- and intraspecific variation among 26 accessions of 9 species of section Arachis; cites two accessions (one of which is listed in NPGS as PI 262090) for this species; found that intraspecific variation for this species and A. monticola was low; genetic affinities were explored revealing that both tetraploids clustered apart from diploid species; it also supported the hypothesis that A. batizocoi is an unlikely progenitor, while evidence for A. duranensis received better support with 48% similarity in RAPD bands].
  • Johansen, E. L. & B. W. Smith. 1956. Arachis hypogaea X A. diogoi. Embryo and seed failure. Amer. J. Bot. 43:250–257. [produced crosses between 4x A. hypogaea (PI 121067), and 2x A. diogoi as the male donor; 13 of 22 ovules observed revealed that pollen germinated at slow rate; cross-pollinated material resembled A. hypogaea, hybrid embryo growth was slow after the first 5 days, degeneration of the hybrid embryo was related to endothelium cellular behavior; hybrid seeds developed similar to A. hypogaea during the first 3 weeks, later growth was delayed and then all seeds aborted].
  • Krapovickas, A. & V. A. Rigoni. 1960. Revista Invest. Agríc. 14:221–227.
  • Krapovickas, A. & W. C. Gregory. 1994. Taxonomía del género Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 8:147–151. [summarizes the history of the recognition of this crop by the first European chroniclers in the Americas, and mentions first crossing attempts between this species and A. glabrata that resulted in hybrids with aborted seeds, and later crossings with other diploid wild species (A. archeri, A. correntina, A. duranensis,A. villosa, A. villosulicarpa) that were mostly unsuccessful; cites successful crosses with tetraploid A. monticola that resulted in fertile progeny and proposing this latter species as the wild ancestor of A. hypogaea, although commenting that it could also represent a derived species or a naturalized peanut; also comments that although several proposals exist on potential ancestors of A. hypogaea, including A. cardenasii & A. batizocoi this study proposes instead A. duranensis & A. ipaensis, simultaneously considering the possibility of an origin involving more than 2 species; mentions that the area of the ancestral diploid species is circumscribed to NW Argentina and SE Bolivia].
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
  • Maesen, L. J. G. van der & Sadikin Somaatmadja, eds. 1989. Pulses. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 1:35.
  • Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
  • McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
  • Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
  • Raina, S. N. et al. 2001. RAPD and ISSR fingerprints as useful genetic markers for analysis of genetic diversity, varietal identification, and phylogenetic relationships in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars and wild species. Genome 44:763–772.
  • Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
  • Resslar, P. M. 1980. A review of the nomenclature of the genus Arachis L. Euphytica 29:815.
  • Subramanian, V. et al. 2000. Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Genome 43:656–660. [assessed the application of markers to assist selection tools for genetic enhancement; evaluated 70 genotypes that were chosen to represent a wide range of variation for several phenotypic traits, these genotypes belonged to 2 subspecies hypogaea and fastigiata; found 6.6% of polymorphism].
  • Terrell, E. E. et al. 1986. Agric. Handb. no. 505. (AH 505)
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
More:

Synonyms:


Check other databases for Arachis hypogaea L.:

  • Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
  • ILDIS: International Legume Database & Information Service
  • Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
  • PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
  • ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
  • AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
  • Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
    Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images or nodulation data:

More:
  • Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
  • Google Images Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy
| USDA | ARS | GRIN | NPGS | New Search |
Cite as:
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?3785 (09 February 2010)

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