Taxon: Trapa natans L.

• the 4 historical accession(s) associated with this name.
• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

ALª*, AZª*°, CTª, MAª, MEª, MNª, ORª, SCª, VTª, WAª.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Link to species profile at

See also subordinate taxa:

• Trapa natans var. bispinosa (no accessions)
• Trapa natans var. natans (no accessions)

Common names:

• bullnut   (Source: NPB State Noxweed WA [http://nationalplantboard.org/docs/summaries/washington.pdf]) – English
  
• European water-chestnut   (Source: Edible Nuts WA) – English   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• Jesuit's-nut   (Source: Dict Gard WA) – English   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• singhara-nut   (Source: Dict Gard WA) – English   [Trapa natans var. bispinosa]
  
• water caltrop   (Source: Dict Gard WA) – English   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• water-chestnut   (Source: Dict Econ Pl WA) – English
  
• water-chestnut   (Source: Dict Gard WA) – English   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• châtaigne d'eau   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – French   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• cornue   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – French   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• macre commune   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – French   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• saligot   (Source: Pl Book WA) – French   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• singhara Wassernuß   (Source: Zander Ency WA) – German   [Trapa natans var. bispinosa]
  
• Wassernuß   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – German   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• castanha-d'água   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – Portuguese   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• abrojo de agua   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – Spanish   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• castaña de agua   (Source: Dict Rehm WA) – Spanish   [Trapa natans var. natans]
  
• sjönöt   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn WA) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Weed   (fide Glea Cron ed2)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Sudan
  East Tropical Africa: Tanzania; Uganda
  West Tropical Africa: Guinea-Bissau
  South Tropical Africa: Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: Botswana; Namibia; South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Turkey [n.w.]
  Caucasus: Georgia
  China: China - Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India [n.w.]; Pakistan
  Indo-China: Vietnam
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• widely naturalized elsewhere

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960–. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953–1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• National Plant Board. 2008–. National Plant Board federal and state quarantine summaries.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource).
• Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Trapa natans.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Trapa natans.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Trapa natans.

Synonyms:

• Trapa bispinosa Roxb. [≡ Trapa natans var. bispinosa]
  

Check other web resources for Trapa natans L.:

• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Forestry Images: Images of invasive weeds from www.forestryimages.org
• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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