Taxon: Tilia ×europaea L.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• common lime   (Source: Zander Ency ) – English
  
• European linden   (Source: Dict Gard [as T. vulgaris]) – English
  
• lime   (Source: Dict Gard [as T. vulgaris]) – English
  
• tilleul commun   (Source: Zander Ency ) – French
  
• holländische Linde   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• parklind   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Hortus 3)
  
• Environmental: shade/shelter   (fide Krussmann)
  
• Human food: beverage base   (fide Cornucopia)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Herbs Commerce ed2, as T. ×vulgaris)
  

Distributional range:

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Sweden
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Ukraine
  Southeastern Europe: Greece; Italy [incl. Sicily]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Spain

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). [lists as T. europaea, not as hybrid].
• Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. [= T. ×vulgaris Hayne].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. [lists as T. europaea, not as hybrid; in part = T. cordifolia Bess.].
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976). [= T. cordata × T. platyphyllos].
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. [= T. cordata × T. platyphyllos].
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• Meyer, F. G. et al. 1994. A catalog of cultivated woody plants of the southeastern United States. [= T. cordata × T. platyphyllos].
• Pigott, C. D. & B. Francis. 1995. Nomenclature of the European species of Tilia. I. Tilia europaea L. Kew Bull. 50:135–139.
• Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs. [= T. cordata × T. platyphyllos].
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. [= T. ×vulgaris Hayne].
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Tilia x europaea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Tilia x europaea.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Tilia x europaea.

Synonyms:

• (=) Tilia ×europaea var. pallida Rehder
  
• (=) Tilia ×vulgaris Hayne
  

Check other web resources for Tilia ×europaea L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Tilia x europaea cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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