Taxon: Spinacia oleracea L.

Common names:

• spinach   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• bo cai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• épinard   (Source: Pl Res SEAs ) – French
  
• Spinat   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• pinni   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – India
  
• horenso   (Source: Names Batra ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• espinafre   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• espinaca   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Human food: vegetable   (fide Pl Res SEAs 8:266. 1993; Cornucopia)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kellerman et al.)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Spinacia oleracea from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• only cultivated

• possible origin s.w. Asia

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) - on-line resource. (PROTABASE)
• Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. Flora of Java. (F Java)
• Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature. (Names Batra)
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2. (L Macar ed2)
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Hegi, G. et al. 1960. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. ed. 1:1906-1931; ed. 2:1936-68; ed. 3:1966- (IllF MEur) 3:662.
• Jiangsu Inst. Bot., ed. v. 1; Shan. R. H., ed. v. 2. 1977–1982. Jiangsu Zhiwuzhi (Flora of Jiangsu). (F Chiangsu)
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 8:266.
• St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands. (L Hawaii)
• Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948–. Flora malesiana. (F Males)
• Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley. (F LowYangtze)
• Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir. (L Pak)
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Uotila, P. 1997. Chenopodiaceae. In: Rechinger, K. H., ed., Flora iranica. (F Iran) 172:62–63.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Spinacia oleracea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Spinacia oleracea. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Spinacia inermis Moench
  
• (=) Spinacia oleracea var. inermis (Moench) Peterm.
  
• (≡) Spinacia spinosa Moench
  (previously associated with 4 accessions)

Check other databases for Spinacia oleracea L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Fruits: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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