Taxon: Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AL°, AR*°, AZ°, CA(Johnson grass)*°, CO*°, DE(Johnson grass)*°, FL°, GA°, HI°, ID*°, IL*°, IN*°, KS*°, KY°, LA°, MD*, MD°, MI*°, MO°, MS°, NC°, NE°, NJ(Johnsongrass)°, NM°, NV(Johnsongrass)*°, OH*°, OK*°, OR*°, PA*°, PR*, SC°, SD*, TN°, TX°, UT*°, VA°, WA(Johnsongrass)*°, WV*°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Link to species profile at

Common names:

• Aleppo grass   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  
• evergreen millet   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• Johnsongrass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• means grass   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – English
  
• Johnsongras   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• shi mao   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• herbe d'Alep   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• sorgho d'Alep   (Source: L Noms French ed6 ) – French
  
• Aleppohirse   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• wilde Mohrenhirse   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  
• sorgagna   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• cañota   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• hierba Johnson   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• sorgo de Aleppo   (Source: F EntreR ) – Spanish
  
• ogräsdurra   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Animal food: forage   (fide Aust Syst Bot 4:603. 1991)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of sorghum   (perennial, 2n=40 fide Ann Bot 221, 222. 2005)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.)
  
• Weed   (forms weedy hybrids with cultivated sorghum fide Weed CIBA; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Sorghum halepense from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Egypt; Libya
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan [s.]; Kyrgyzstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India; Pakistan

• naturalized in warm-temperate regions, including North America

• exact native range obscure

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
• Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt.
• Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969–. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6.
• Dillon, S. L. et al. 2004. Sorghum laxiflorum and S. macrospermum, the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated S. bicolor based on ITS1 and ndhF sequence analysis of 25 Sorghum species. Pl. Syst. Evol. 149:233–246.
• Dillon, S. L. et al. 2007. Sorghum resolved as a distinct genus based on combined ITS1, ndhF and Adh1 analyses. Pl. Syst. Evol. 268:29–43.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
• Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. [poisonous].
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Lazarides, M. et al. 1991. Taxonomy, cytology, and ecology of indigenous Australian sorghums (Sorghum Moench: Andropogoneae: Poaceae). Austral. Syst. Bot. 4:603.
• Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Price, H. J. et al. 2005. Genome evolution in the genus Sorghum. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 95:219–227.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Rollins, R. C. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B:297.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR.
• USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource).
• Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina.
• Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en la Republica Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47.
• de Wet, J. M. J. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. Sorghum (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 65:478.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Sorghum halepense.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Sorghum halepense.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Sorghum halepense.

Synonyms:

• (=) Andropogon controversus Steud.
  
• (=) Andropogon halepensis (L.) Brot.
  (previously associated with 9 accessions)
• (=) Andropogon halepensis var. anatherus Piper
  
• (=) Andropogon miliaceus Roxb.
  
• (=) Andropogon miliformis Schult.
  
• (=) Holcus exiguus Forssk.
  
• (≡) Holcus halepensis L. (basionym)
  (previously associated with 16 accessions)
• (=) Holcus halepensis var. miliformis (Schult.) Hitchc.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Holcus sorghum var. exiguus (Forssk.) Hitchc.
  (previously associated with 33 accessions)
• (=) Sorghum controversum (Steud.) Snowden
  (previously associated with 5 accessions)
• (=) Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• (=) Sorghum miliaceum var. parvispicula Snowden
  

Check other web resources for Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Forestry Images: Images of invasive weeds from www.forestryimages.org
• Spikelets and/or florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Spikelets and/or florets: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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