Taxon: Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AL°, AR*°, CA(Johnson grass)*°, CO*°, DE(Johnson grass)*°, FL°, GA°, HI°, ID*°, IL*°, IN*°, KS*°, KY°, LA°, MD*, MD°, MI*°, MO°, MS°, NC°, NE°, NJ(Johnsongrass)°, NM°, NV(Johnsongrass)*°, OH*°, OK*°, OR*°, PA*°, PR*, SC°, SD*, TN°, TX°, UT*°, VA°, WA(Johnsongrass)*°, WV*°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Link to species profile at

Common names:

• Aleppo grass   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  
• Johnsongrass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• means grass   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – English
  
• Johnsongras   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• herbe d'Alep   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• sorgho d'Alep   (Source: L Noms French ed6 ) – French
  
• Aleppohirse   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• wilde Mohrenhirse   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  
• cañota   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• hierba Johnson   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• sorgo de Aleppo   (Source: F EntreR ) – Spanish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Animal food: forage   (fide Aust Syst Bot 4:603. 1991)
  
• Gene sources: secondary genetic relative of sorghum   (perennial, 2n=40 fide Ann Bot 221, 222. 2005)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.)
  
• Weed: forms weedy hybrids with cult. sorghum   (fide Weed CIBA; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Sorghum halepense from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Egypt; Libya
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan [s.]; Kyrgyzstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India; Pakistan

• naturalized in warm-temperate regions, including North America

• exact native range obscure

References:

• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. (Grass BCIP)
• Burkart, A. E., ed. 1969–. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios. (F EntreR)
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. (L Noms French ed6)
• Dillon, S. L. et al. 2004. Sorghum laxiflorum and S. macrospermum, the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated S. bicolor based on ITS1 and ndhF sequence analysis of 25 Sorghum species. Pl. Syst. Evol. 149:233–246. [this study shows that this taxon clusters within a well supported clade with other members of section Eusorghum].
• Dillon, S. L. et al. 2007. Sorghum resolved as a distinct genus based on combined ITS1, ndhF and Adh1 analyses. Pl. Syst. Evol. 268:29–43. [this study shows that this taxon clusters within a well supported clade with other members of section Eusorghum, and sister to S. bicolor subsp. drummondii].
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. (Zander ed17)
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
• Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia. (Grass SEAs)
• Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. (F Liban)
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system - on-line resource. (Can Poison Pl)
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. (Noxweed Aust)
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Price, H. J. et al. 2005. Genome evolution in the genus Sorghum. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 95:219–227. [this study using ITS/ndhF based phylogeny finds that this taxon clusters with other taxa 2n=20, 40 & small genomes, supporting affinities with S. bicolor].
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Rollins, R. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89:297.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. (F TE Afr)
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. (Grass USSR)
• USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (Nat Invasive Sp Info)
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina. (F Palest)
• Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 1994. Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en la Republica Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47. (L Grass Argent)
• de Wet, J. M. J. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. Sorghum (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 65:478.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Sorghum halepense.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Sorghum halepense. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (=) Andropogon controversus Steud.
  
• (=) Andropogon halepensis (L.) Brot.
  (previously associated with 9 accessions)
• (=) Andropogon halepensis var. anatherus Piper
  
• (=) Andropogon miliaceus Roxb.
  
• (=) Andropogon miliformis Schult.
  
• (=) Holcus exiguus Forssk.
  
• (≡) Holcus halepensis L. (basionym)
  (previously associated with 16 accessions)
• (=) Holcus halepensis var. miliformis (Schult.) Hitchc.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Holcus sorghum var. exiguus (Forssk.) Hitchc.
  (previously associated with 33 accessions)
• (=) Sorghum controversum (Steud.) Snowden
  (previously associated with 5 accessions)
• (=) Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• (=) Sorghum miliaceum var. parvispicula Snowden
  

Check other databases for Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Forestry Images: Images of invasive weeds from www.forestryimages.org
• Fruit and seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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