Taxon: Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AZ(as Brassica campestris)°, IL(as Brassica campestris)°, NE(as Brassica campestris)°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

See also subordinate taxa:

• Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua (no accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis (no accessions)

See other conspecific taxa:

• Brassica rapa (598 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (74 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis (5 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. purpuraria (no accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (54 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. japonica (no accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (2 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (4 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica var. perviridis (2 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (195 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (36 accessions)
• Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (39 accessions)

Common names:

• annual turnip rape   (Source: Misc Publ USDA 643 [as B. campestris]) – English   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua]
  
• biennial turnip rape   (Source: Misc Publ USDA 643 [as B. campestris var. autunmalis]) – English   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis]
  
• bird rape   (Source: Misc Publ USDA 643 [as B. campestris "annual turnip-rape"]) – English
  
• canola   (Source: R.Young, p.c.) – English
  
• colza   (Source: Dict Rehm [as B. rapa subsp. oleifera]) – English
  
• field mustard   (Source: Cover Crop Database ) – English
  
• Polish canola   (Source: Genome 44:738. 2001) – English
  
• summer turnip rape   (Source: Pl Names ) – English   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua]
  
• turnip rape   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• wild turnip   (Source: F BritStace ) – English
  
• winter turnip rape   (Source: Zander Ency [as B. rapa subsp. rapa]) – English   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis]
  
• yun tai   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• navette   (Source: Mansfeld [as B. rapa var. silvestris]) – French
  
• navette d'été   (Source: Mansfeld [as B. rapa var. silvestris f. praecox]) – French   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua]
  
• navette d'hiver   (Source: Mansfeld [as B. rapa var. silvestris f. autunmalis]) – French   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis]
  
• Rübsaat   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• Rübsen   (Source: Mansfeld [as B. rapa var. silvestris]) – German
  
• Sommerrübsen   (Source: Mansfeld [as B. rapa var. silvestris f. praecox]) – German   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua]
  
• Winterrübsen   (Source: Mansfeld [as B. rapa var. silvestris f. autunmalis]) – German   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis]
  
• ravizzone   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Italian
  
• natane   (Source: McFerson, p.c.) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• nabo-selvagem   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• nabo-silvestre   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• nabina   (Source: UPOV ) – Spanish
  
• nabo de invierno   (Source: Misc Publ USDA 643 [as B. campestris var. autunmalis]) – Spanish   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis]
  
• nabo de verano   (Source: Misc Publ USDA 643 [as B. campestris "annual turnip-rape"]) – Spanish   [Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua]
  
• åkerkål   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Harmful organism host: crop diseases   (fide WorldWeeds 123. 1997, as B. campestris)
  
• Harmful organism host: crop pests   (fide WorldWeeds 123. 1997, as B. campestris)
  
• Environmental: soil improver   (fide Cover Crop Database, as B. campestris)
  
• Human food: oil/fat   (fide Mansf Ency)
  
• Fuels: potential as petroleum substitute/alcohol   (fide web document)
  
• Gene sources: disease resistance for rape   (fide Pl Dis 87:752. 2003, mentions the commercial use of B. napus carrying a resistant gene from this taxon)
  
• Gene sources: primary genetic relative of turnip   (fide L Medit based on records of wild populations in Northern Africa)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2, as Brassica campestris)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide WorldWeeds 117. 1997, as B. campestris)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Far East
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Macedonia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [s.]; Spain [incl. Baleares]
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
  Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Hispaniola
  Mesoamerica: Nicaragua
  Western South America: Bolivia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Paraguay - Alto Paraguay; Uruguay

• AFRICA
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda
  South Tropical Africa: Mozambique; Zimbabwe
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India; Pakistan
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Barbados; Guadeloupe; Martinique
  Brazil: Brazil

• widely cultivated

• widespread weed, probable origin Eurasia

References:

• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Cheng, B. F. et al. 2001. Low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line revealed to be nullisomic. Genome 44:738.
• Chrungu, B. et al. 1999. Production and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Brassica maurorum and crop brassicas. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:608–613.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Garg, H. et al. 2007. Hybridizing Brassica rapa with wild crucifers Diplotaxis erucoides and Brassica maurorum. Euphytica 156:417–424.
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Hegi, G. et al. 1986. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. ed. 1:1906-1931; ed. 2:1936-68; ed. 3:1966- 4(1):457. [treats under B. rapa var. silvestris (Lam.) Briggs].
• Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McFerson, J. 1994. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Musil, A. F. 1948. Distinguishing species of Brassica by their seeds. Misc. Publ. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 643:1–35.
• Olsson, G. 1954. Crosses within the campestris group of the genus Brassica. Hereditas (Beijing) 40:414. [= B. campestris subsp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.].
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Prakash, S. & K. Hinata. 1980. Taxonomy, cytogenetics and origin of crop brassicas, a review. Opera Bot. 55:12–13. [= B. campestris subsp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.].
• Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 1. Genome evolution of diploid and amphidiploid species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:784–794.
• Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 2. Preliminary analysis of subspecies within B. rapa (syn. campestris) and B. oleracea. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76:593–600.
• Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
• Takuno, S. et al. 2010. Assessment of genetic diversity of accessions in Brassicaceae genetic resources by frequency distribution analysis of S haplotypes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 120:1129–1138.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. [mentions; lists as B. rapa subsp. oleifera DC.].
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, second edition. [mentions; lists as B. rapa subsp. oleifera DC.].
• University of Idaho. 2010. Brassica breeding and research goals. [re. potenital use as fuel].
• Velasco, L. et al. 1998. Variability for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil in a germplasm collection of the genus Brassica. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 45:371–382.
• Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249–258. [lists in database].
• Warwick, S. I. et al. 2008. AFLP-based molecular characterization of Brassica rapa and diversity in Canadian spring turnip rape cultivars. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 6:11–21.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). [= B. rapa var. oleifera DC.].
• Young, R. 1996. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Zhao, J. et al. 2005. Genetic relationships within Brassica rapa as inferred from AFLP fingerprints. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:1301–1314.

Synonyms:

• (=) Brassica campestris L.
  (previously associated with 55 accessions)
• (=) Brassica campestris subsp. campestris
  
• (=) "Brassica campestris [unranked] oleifera DC., nom. inval."
  
• (=) Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham
  (previously associated with 30 accessions)
• (=) "Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris Janch., nom. inval."
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• (=) Brassica rapa var. sylvestris Purchas & Ley
  (previously associated with 5 accessions)
• Brassica rapa [unranked] annua Metzg. [≡ Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma annua]
  
• Brassica rapa [unranked] biennis Metzg. [≡ Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera forma biennis]
  
• (≡) Brassica rapa [unranked] oleifera DC. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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