Taxon: Centaurea melitensis L.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CA*, NM*, NV*, OR°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• cockspur thistle   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• Maltese centaury   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• Maltese cockspur   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• Maltese star thistle   (Source: State Noxweed Seed ) – English
  
• Maltese thistle   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• Napa thistle   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• tocalote   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• wild Irishman   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• yellow cockspur   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• centaurée de Malte   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• croix de Malte   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• Malteser Flockenblume   (Source: Zander ed16 ) – German
  
• centáurea-estrela-de-malta   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• maltaklint   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Atlas WWeed)
  

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Libya [n.w.]; Morocco; Tunisia
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Montenegro
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Cape Verde; Portugal - Azores, Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia
  East Tropical Africa: Kenya
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Western Canada: Canada - British Columbia
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Idaho, Oregon, Washington
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah
  Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Norte
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
  Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Western South America: Ecuador - Pichincha; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Uruguay

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Norway; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Poland; Switzerland

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya.
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Marzocca, A. 1994. Guia descriptiva de malezas del cono sur. 79.
• Ochsmann, J. 2001. Knapweeds (Centaurea L. and some related genera) in North America. In: Ochsmann, J., Welcome to the Centaurea pages.
• Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Sell, P. & G. Murrell. 1996–. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland.
• Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993–. Flora of India.
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Centaurea melitensis.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Centaurea melitensis.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Centaurea melitensis.

Check other web resources for Centaurea melitensis L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Euro+Med Plantbase: Information Resource for Euro-Mediterranean Plant Diversity
• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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