Taxon: Emex australis Steinh.

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared noxious weed by USDA-APHIS.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AL*, FL*, HI°, MA*, NC*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• Cape-spinach   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• doublegee   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• southern three-corner-jack   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• spiny emex   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• three-corner-jack   (Source: F SAust ) – English
  
• spinaciastra australiana   (Source: Galasso, pers. comm.) – Italian
  
• emex-australiano   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  

Economic importance:

• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide F SAust)
  

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Southern Africa: Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa - Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal; Swaziland

• widely naturalized elsewhere

References:

• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Arnold, T. H. & B. C. De Wet, eds. 1993. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa no. 62. [natzd.].
• Bond, P. & P. Goldblatt. 1984. Plants of the Cape Flora, J. S. African Bot. suppl. vol. 13.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Galasso, G. 2011. Review of Polygonaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm.
• Goldblatt, P. & J. Manning. 2000. Cape plants: a conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa. Strelitzia vol. 9.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Guillarmod, A. J. 1971. Flora of Lesotho.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Jessop, J. P. & H. R. Toelken, eds. 1986. Flora of South Australia, ed. 4.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Merxmüller, H., ed. 1966–1972. Prodromus einer flora von Sudwestafrika.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Ross, J. 1972. The flora of Natal.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Emex australis.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Emex australis.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Emex australis.

Check other web resources for Emex australis Steinh.:

• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Disseminule drawings: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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