Taxon: Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson

• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

A declared noxious weed by USDA-APHIS.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AL*, CAª, FLª, MAª, MNª, NCª, NHª, OKª, SCª, VTª.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• East Indian swampweed   (Source: Castanea 63:110.1998) – English
  
• hygrophila   (Source: NPB State Noxweed FL [http://nationalplantboard.org/docs/summaries/florida.pdf]) – English
  
• Indian swampweed   (Source: Atlas Florida FL [http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=159]) – English
  
• Miramar-weed   (Source: State Noxweed Seed FL) – English
  
• indischer Wasserfreund   (Source: Zander Ency FL) – German
  
• vattenvän   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn FL) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (aquarium plant fide Dict Gard; Zander Ency; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Sida 16:365. 1994; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China - Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Nepal; Pakistan - Sind
  Indo-China: Myanmar; Vietnam

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Florida
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas
  Northern Mexico: Mexico - Tamaulipas

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Angerstein, M. B. & D. E. Lemke. 1994. First records of the aquatic weed Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae) from Texas. Sida 16:365–371.
• Breedlove, D. E., ed. 1981–. Flora of Chiapas. [mentions].
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Chowdhery, H. J. & B. M. Wadhwa. 1984. Flora of Himachal Pradesh.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984–. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• National Plant Board. 2008–. National Plant Board federal and state quarantine summaries.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Verma, D. M. et al. (vol. 1); V. Mudgal et al. (vol. 2). 1993–. Flora Madhya Pradesh.
• Wasshausen, D. C. 1998. Acanthaceae of the Southeastern United States. Castanea 63:110.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Hygrophila polysperma.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Hygrophila polysperma.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Hygrophila polysperma.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Justicia polysperma Roxb. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Disseminule drawings: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Embryo drawing: U.S. National Seed Herbarium drawing
• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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