Taxon: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

Common names:

• bastard-cedar   (Source: F Ceylon ) – English
  
• West Indian-elm   (Source: Trees Peru ) – English
  
• bois d'orme   (Source: Trees Peru ) – French
  
• cabeza de negro   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• caulote   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• guácimo   (Source: Trees Peru ) – Spanish
  
• guásima   (Source: F Cuba ) – Spanish
  
• parandesiqua   (Source: F NGalicia ) – Spanish
  
• vácima   (Source: F NGalicia ) – Spanish
  
• bolaina negra   (Source: Trees Peru ) – Spanish (Peru)
  

Economic importance:

• Fuels: potential as fuelwood   (fide Firewood Cr)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  

More:

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Southern Mexico: Mexico - Chiapas, Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tabasco, Veracruz
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Barbados; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines
  Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Paraguay

• naturalized elsewhere

• also cultivated

References:

• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica.
• Boggan, J. et al. 1997. Checklist of the plants of the Guianas, ed. 2.
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Encarnación, F. 1983. Nomenclatura de las especies forestales comunes en el Perú.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
• Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998–. Flora de la República de Cuba.
• Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia.
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis.
• Liogier, H. A. 1984–. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
• Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936–1971. Flora of Peru.; new ser. 1980-
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
• Missouri Botanical Garden. W³Tropicos (on-line resource).
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala.
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Guazuma ulmifolia.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Guazuma ulmifolia.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Guazuma ulmifolia.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Theobroma guazuma L.
  

Check other web resources for Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• New World Fruits Database: Online database from Bioversity International
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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