Taxon: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.

Common names:

• bastard-cedar   (Source: F Ceylon ) – English
  
• West Indian-elm   (Source: Trees Peru ) – English
  
• bois d'orme   (Source: Trees Peru ) – French
  
• cabeza de negro   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• caulote   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• guácimo   (Source: Trees Peru ) – Spanish
  
• guásima   (Source: F Cuba ) – Spanish
  
• parandesiqua   (Source: F NGalicia ) – Spanish
  
• vácima   (Source: F NGalicia ) – Spanish
  
• bolaina negra   (Source: Trees Peru ) – Spanish (Peru)
  

Economic importance:

• Fuels: potential as fuelwood   (fide Firewood Cr)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  

More:

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Central Mexico: Mexico - Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Veracruz
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico - Chiapas, Tabasco; Nicaragua; Panama
  Caribbean: Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua; Barbados; Cuba; Dominica; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts and Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenadines
  Northern South America: French Guiana; Guyana; Suriname; Venezuela
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Paraguay

• naturalized elsewhere

• cultivated elsewhere

References:

• Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
• Boggan, J. et al. 1997. Checklist of the plants of the Guianas, ed. 2. (L Guianas ed2)
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. (L Peru)
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. (F Ceylon)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Encarnación, F. 1983. Nomenclatura de las especies forestales comunes en el Perú. (Trees Peru)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
• Jardín Botánico Nacional. 1998–. Flora de la República de Cuba. (F Cuba)
• Killeen, T. J. et al. 1993. Guia de arboles de Bolivia. (Trees Bolivia)
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
• Liogier, H. A. 1984–. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. (F PuertoR)
• Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936–1971. Flora of Peru.; new ser. 1980- (F Peru)
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
• Missouri Botanical Garden. W³Tropicos - on-line resource. (TROPICOS)
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
• Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943–1980. Flora of Panama. (F Panama)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Guazuma ulmifolia.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Guazuma ulmifolia. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Theobroma guazuma L.
  

Check other databases for Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.:

• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• New World Fruits Database: Online database from Bioversity International
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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