Taxon: Solanum nigrum L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

KS°, MI*°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• black nightshade   (Source: State Noxweed Seed ) – English
  
• blackberry nightshade   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• common nightshade   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – English
  
• poisonberry   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• 'enab el-deeb   (Source: F Egypt ) – Arabic
  
• morelle noire   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• schwarzer Nachtschatten   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• erva-moura   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• pimenta-de-galinha   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• hierba mora   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• nattskatta   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Harmful organism host: crop diseases   (fide Diseas Comp 42. 1997)
  
• Human food: fruit   (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):458. 1999)
  
• Gene sources: disease resistance for potato   (fide Pl Breed Rev 19:86. 2000)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):458. 1999; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Biodiv Conserv 13:459. 2004)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson ed2; Kingsbury)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Solanum nigrum from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Altay, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  China: China
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India [n.]; Nepal; Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain

• AFRICA
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia
  South Tropical Africa: Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe
  Southern Africa: Botswana; Namibia; South Africa - Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Northern Cape, Western Cape; Swaziland
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Yemen
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Malesia: Papua New Guinea
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
  Northwestern Pacific: Guam
  Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: Central America
  Southern South America: Chile

• exact native range obscure

References:

• Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• American Phytopathological Society. 1997. Compendium of tomato diseases. P. 42 in: American Phytopathological Society, The disease compendium series.
• Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• D'Arcy, W. G. 1974. Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:855.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Edmonds, J. M. & J. A. Chweya. 1997. Black nightshades. Solanum nigrum L. and related species. P. 15:28 in: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960–. Flora zambesiaca.
• Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• George, A. S., ed. 1980–. Flora of Australia.
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989–. Flora of Ethiopia. (and Eritrea. 2000)
• Henderson, R. J. F. 1974. Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and related species in Australia. Contr. Queensland Herb. 16:19–28.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan.
• Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931–1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
• Jansky, S. 2000. Breeding for disease resistance in potato. Pl. Breed. Rev. 19:86.
• Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. [poisonous].
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. P. 306 in: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization.
• Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. P. 12(1):458 in: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA).
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
• Press, J. R. et al. 2000–. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource).
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Schilling, E. E. 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 6:183.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:46.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the flora of Yemen.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Solanum nigrum.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Solanum nigrum.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Solanum nigrum.

Check other web resources for Solanum nigrum L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• ABRS: Australian Biological Resources Study Flora of Australia online
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Solanaceae Source: A global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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