Taxon: Anchusa azurea Mill.

• the 4 historical accession(s) associated with this name.
• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• garden anchusa   (Source: F BritStace ) – English
  
• Italian alkanet   (Source: Man HerbPl ) – English
  
• Italian bugloss   (Source: Man HerbPl ) – English
  
• large blue alkanet   (Source: Pulmonaria ) – English
  
• buglosse d'Italie   (Source: L Noms French ed6 ) – French
  
• italienische Ochsenzunge   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  
• italiensk oxtunga   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Bee plants: honey production   (fide F. Selvi, pers. comm.)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard; Man Herb Pl; Pulmonaria 73.)
  
• Materials: tannin/dyestuff   (fide Pulmonaria 71.)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Pulmonaria 71.)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Azerbaijan; Georgia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan [s.]; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Hungary
  East Europe: Moldova; Russian Federation - European part [s.w.]; Ukraine - Krym
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czech Republic; Germany; Switzerland
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Western Canada: Canada - British Columbia
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Missouri
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Maryland
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California, Nevada, Utah

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Bennett, M. 2003. Pulmonarias and the Borage family. 73.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Demilly, D. et al. 1996. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist. [A. azurea auct. = A. italica Retz.].
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Kartesz, J. T. 2011. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP).
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. [= A. italica Retz.].
• Mouterde, P. 1966–. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia. [A. azurea Rchb. an Mill.? = A. italica Retz.].
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. [A. azurea Mill., nom. confus. = A. italica Retz.].
• Selvi, F. 2011. Review of Boraginaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm. via e–mail 0n 20 May.
• Stace, C. 1995. New flora of the British Isles.
• Still, S. M. 1994. Manual of herbaceous ornamental plants, ed. 4.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina. [A. azurea auct. non Mill. = A. italica Retz.].

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Anchusa azurea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Anchusa azurea.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Anchusa azurea.

Synonyms:

• (=) Anchusa italica Retz.
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)

Check other web resources for Anchusa azurea Mill.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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