Taxon: Trifolium hybridum L.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Trifolium hybridum var. anatolicum (no accessions)
• Trifolium hybridum var. elegans (4 accessions)
• Trifolium hybridum var. hybridum (no accessions)

Common names:

• alsike clover   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• hybrid clover   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Swedish clover   (Source: Leg WorldEc ) – English
  
• za zhong che zhou cao   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• trèfle bâtard   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• trèfle hybride   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• Bastardklee   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Schwedenklee   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• trifoglio ibrido   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• tachi-oranda-genge   (Source: F Japan ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• trevo-híbrido   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• trébol híbrido   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• alsikeklöver   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  
• liten alsikeklöver   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish   [Trifolium hybridum var. elegans]
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Harmful organism host: crop diseases   (fide Virus Diseases 35. 1987)
  
• Harmful organism host: crop pests   (fide Virus Diseases 35. 1987)
  
• Bee plants: honey production   (fide Leg ErWild)
  
• Environmental: erosion control   (fide Leg WorldEc)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide Leg WorldEc)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Leg WorldEc)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Trifolium hybridum from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Morocco
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Iran; Iraq; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Checheno-Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar, Stavropol
• EUROPE
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czechoslovakia; Hungary; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Bashkortostan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chuvashia, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kalmykia, Kaluga, Karelia, Kirov, Komi, Komi-Permyak, Kostroma, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Mari-El, Mordvinia, Moscow, Murmansk, Nenets, Novgorod, Orel, Orenburg, Penza, Perm, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Saratov, Smolensk, Tambov, Tatarstan, Tula, Udmurtia, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Spain

• naturalized throughout temperate regions

References:

• Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Converse, R. H., ed. 1987. Virus diseases of small fruits. USDA Agriculture Handbook 631.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Duke, J. A. 1981. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Gillett, J. M. & N. L. Taylor (M. Collins ed.). 2001. The world of clovers. 184.
• Graham, E. H. 1941. Legumes for erosion control and wildlife. USDA Misc. Publ. 412.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
• Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Welsh, S. L. et al. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Mem. 9.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Yakovlev, G. P. et al. 1996. Legumes of Northern Eurasia. [= Amoria hybrida (L.) C. Presl].
• Zohary, M. & D. Heller. 1984. The genus Trifolium. 145.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Trifolium hybridum.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Trifolium hybridum.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Trifolium hybridum.

Synonyms:

• Amoria hybrida (L.) C. Presl [≡ Trifolium hybridum var. hybridum]
  
• Trifolium anatolicum Boiss. [≡ Trifolium hybridum var. anatolicum]
  
• Trifolium elegans Savi [≡ Trifolium hybridum var. elegans]
  (previously associated with 7 accessions)
• Trifolium hybridum subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) M. Hossain [≡ Trifolium hybridum var. anatolicum]
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• Trifolium hybridum subsp. elegans (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. [≡ Trifolium hybridum var. elegans]
  
• Trifolium hybridum var. pratense Rabenh. [= Trifolium hybridum var. elegans]
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Trifolium hybridum L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• ILDIS: World Database of Legumes
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images or nodulation data:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• GRIN nodulation data

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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