Taxon: Prunus nigra Aiton

Common names:

• black plum   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – English
  
• Canada plum   (Source: F NAmer ) – English
  
• prunier noir   (Source: F NAmer ) – French (Canada)
  
• Bitterkirsche   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  
• Kanada-Pflaume   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – German
  
• kanadaplommon   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Human food: fruit   (fide L Edible Pl)
  
• Gene sources: cold tolerance for plum   (fide Weinberger 1975)
  
• Gene sources: graft stock relative for plum   (based on hybrids with Prunus spinosa fide Acta Hort 290:262. 1991)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of Japanese plum   (based on assumptions of potential hybridization with Prunus salicina fide Amer J Bot 34:334. 1947)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of myrobalan plum   (fide Temp Fruit Cr Breed 352. 2008)
  
• Gene sources: tertiary genetic relative of peach   (fide Temp Fruit Cr Breed 267. 2008)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick [s.], Ontario [s.], Quebec [s.]
  Western Canada: Canada - Manitoba [s.e.]
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana [n.], Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio [n.], Rhode Island, Vermont
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya. [cultivated].
• CGC Prunus. 2010. Prunus vulnerability statement - 2010. 16. [recognized as of low priority for plum].
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2.
• Hancock, J. F. et al. 2008. Chapter 9. Peaches. Pp. 265–298 in: Hancock, J. F., ed., Temperate fruit crop breeding: germplasm to genomics. [this review included Prunus nigra among species that hybridize with P. persica forming "mostly sterile hybrids"].
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Hartmann, W. & M. Neumüller. 2009. Plum breeding. Pp. 161–231 in: Jain, S. M. & P.M. Priyadarshan, eds., Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976).
• Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption.
• Lee, S. & J. Wen. 2001. A phylogenetic analysis of Prunus and the Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Amer. J. Bot. 88:150–160. [this study included Prunus nigra; it resolved this species among other members of subgenus Prunus].
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541.
• Okie, W. R. & J. F. Hancock. 2008. Chapter 11. Plums. Pp. 337–357 in: Hancock, J. F., ed., Temperate fruit crop breeding: germplasm to genomics. [this review cited Prunus nigra as one of the species able to hybridize with diploid plums (P. cerasifera and P salicina)].
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Ramming, D. W. & V. Cociu. 1991. Plums (Prunus). Acta Hort. 290:235–290. [this review cited Prunus nigra as a species that was used for breeding purposes due to its tolerance to frost].
• Rohrer, J. R. 2011. Prunus (Rosaceae). P. 9: in press in: FNA Editorial Committee, Flora of North America.
• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
• Shaw, J. & R. L. Small. 2004. Addressing the "hardest puzzle in American pomology:" Phylogeny of Prunus sect. Prunocerasus (Rosaceae) based on seven noncoding chloroplast DNA regions. Amer. J. Bot. 91:985–996. [this study found that Prunus nigra grouped among other North American species of the "Chickasaw" group (P. angustifolia and P. umbellata), and not closer to P. americana nor to P. mexicana].
• Shaw, J. & R. L. Small. 2005. Chloroplast DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of the North American plums (Prunus subgenus Prunus section Prunocerasus, Rosaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 92:2011–2030. [this study found that most samples of Prunus nigra grouped together among other North American species of the "Chickasaw" phylogenetic group (P. angustifolia and P. umbellata); however P. nigra affinities remain uncertain].
• Weinberger, J. H. 1975. Plums. P. 337 in: Janick, J. & J. N. Moore, eds., Advances in fruit breeding.
• Webster's third new international dictionary.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Prunus nigra.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Prunus nigra.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Prunus nigra.

Synonyms:

• (=) Prunus americana var. lanata Sudw.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Prunus americana var. mollis (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray
  

Check other web resources for Prunus nigra Aiton:

• Flora of North America: Collaborative Floristic Effort of North American Botanists
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• New World Fruits Database: Online database from Bioversity International
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Prunus nigra cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Stone: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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