Taxon: Pinus thunbergii Parl.

Common names:

• black pine   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – English
  
• Japanese black pine   (Source: Pines ) – English
  
• hei song   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• japanische Schwarzkiefer   (Source: Zander ed14 [as P. thunbergiana]) – German
  
• Thunbergs Kiefer   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  
• pino di Thunberg   (Source: Mult Glossary Trees ) – Italian
  
• kuro-matsu   (Source: Pines ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• haesong   (Source: F Korea ) – Transcribed Korean
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (for bonsai fide Dict Gard)
  
• Environmental: revegetator   (for afforestation fide F ChinaEng)
  
• Materials: wood   (fide A. Farjon, pers. comm. 1996)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Eastern Asia: Japan - Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku; Korea, South

• also cultivated

References:

• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. [= P. thunbergiana].
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• Farjon, A. 1984. Pines, drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus.
• Farjon, A. 1996. pers. comm. [re. common names].
• Forest Experimental Station, Korea. 1966. Illustrated woody plants of Korea.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. [= P. thunbergiana Franco].
• Krüssmann, G. 1985. Manual of cultivated conifers (English translation of Die Nadelgeholze, ed. 2. 1983).
• Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
• Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
• Ouden, P. den & B. K. Boom. 1965. Manual of cultivated conifers.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Schroeder, F.-G. & R. Bayer. 1973. Zur Nomenklatur von Picea polita und Pinus thunbergii. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 66:61–68.
• Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8:166. [= P. thunbergiana Franco].
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Pinus thunbergii.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Pinus thunbergii.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Pinus thunbergii.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Pinus thunbergiana Franco
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Pinus thunbergii Parl.:

• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• Gymnosperm Database of Christopher J. Earle
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Pinus thunbergii cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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