Taxon: Pinus pinaster Aiton

Common names:

• cluster pine   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• maritime pine   (Source: Pines ) – English
  
• trosden   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• hai an song   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• Strandkiefer   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: erosion control; shade/shelter   (sand-binding fide F Eur; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Materials: gum/resin; wood   (fide web document; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Weed   (fide Invasive Pl Spec; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Morocco [n.]
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Croatia; Italy [n. & Sardinia]
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain

• naturalized in British Isles, s. Africa, Australia, New Zealand, s. South America, & Hawaii

References:

• Castroviejo, S. et al., eds. 1989–. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares. (F Iberica)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. (Zander ed14)
• Farjon, A. 1984. Pines, drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus. (Pines)
• Farjon, A. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of conifers. (L Conifers)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
• Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972–. Atlas florae europaeae. (Atlas Eur)
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8:157.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, second edition. (F Eur ed2)
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)
• Webster's third new international dictionary. (Websters Dict)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Pinus pinaster.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Pinus pinaster. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (=) Pinus maritima Lam.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)

Check other databases for Pinus pinaster Aiton:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• Gymnosperm Database of Christopher J. Earle
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

Ctrl P to print