Taxon: Pinus brutia Ten.

• the 9 historical accession(s) associated with this name.
• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.
• Check AABGA/NAPCC contact person for genus for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Pinus brutia var. eldarica (2 accessions)
• Pinus brutia var. pityusa (no accessions)

Common names:

• Black Sea pine   (Source: Phytol Mem ) – English   [Pinus brutia var. pityusa]
  
• Calabrian pine   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• Eilar pine   (Source: Phytol Mem ) – English   [Pinus brutia var. eldarica]
  
• Turkish pine   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• türkische Kiefer   (Source: Zander ed17 ) – German
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Materials: wood   (timber fide Ency WTimber)
  

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Cyprus; Iraq; Lebanon; Syria [w.]; Turkey
  Caucasus: Georgia
• EUROPE
  East Europe: Ukraine - Krym
  Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria [s.]; Greece [incl. Crete & Aegean Islands]; Italy - Calabria [extirpated?]

• also cultivated

References:

• Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature. [= P. halepensis var. brutia (Ten.) A. Henry].
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage.
• Farjon, A. 1984. Pines, drawings and descriptions of the genus Pinus.
• Farjon, A. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of conifers.
• Farjon, A. 2001. World checklist and bibliography of conifers, ed. 2.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Gallis, A. T. & C. P. Panetsos. 1997. Use of cortical terpenes to discriminate Pinus brutia (Ten.), Pinus halepensis (Mill.) and their hybrids. Silvae Genet. 46:82–88. [occurrence of various chemotypes within parental species and hybrids in different rates has the result to separate the taxa and distinguish the hybrids].
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972–. Atlas florae europaeae.
• Kaundun, S. S. et al. 1997. Genetic differences between Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia and Pinus eldarica based on needle flavonoids. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 25:553–562. [needle flavonoids showed that P. halepensis and P. brutia are 2 distinct species].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Krüssmann, G. 1985. Manual of cultivated conifers (English translation of Die Nadelgeholze, ed. 2. 1983).
• Meikle, R. D. 1977–1985. Flora of Cyprus.
• Panetsos, C. P. 1975. Natural hybridization between Pinus halepensis and Pinus brutia in Greece. Silvae Genet. 24:163–168.
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8:133.
• Strid, A. & K. Tan, eds. 1997–. Flora hellenica. [= P. halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe].
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, second edition. [= P. halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe].
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora. [= P. halepensis var. brutia].

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Pinus brutia.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Pinus brutia.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Pinus brutia.

Synonyms:

• Pinus eldarica Medw. [≡ Pinus brutia var. eldarica]
  (previously associated with 16 accessions)
• (≡) Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe
  
• (≡) Pinus halepensis var. brutia (Ten.) A. Henry
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• Pinus halepensis var. pityusa (Steven) Gordon [≡ Pinus brutia var. pityusa]
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)
• Pinus pityusa Steven [≡ Pinus brutia var. pityusa]
  

Check other web resources for Pinus brutia Ten.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Gymnosperm Database of Christopher J. Earle
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Pinus brutia cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Check other web resources for images:

• PlantSystematics.org
• Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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