Taxon: Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.

• the 36 historical accession(s) associated with this name.
• Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.
• Check AABGA/NAPCC contact person for genus for possible non-NPGS germplasm.

Common names:

• Norway spruce   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• white spruce   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2 ) – English
  
• épicéa   (Source: HerbSpices ) – French
  
• épicéa élevé   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• gemeine Fichte   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  
• Rotfichte   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  
• abete rosso   (Source: Mult Glossary Trees ) – Italian
  
• doitsu-tōhi   (Source: F Korea ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• gran   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Hortus 3)
  
• Materials: essential oils   (fide KrussmannC)
  
• Materials: wood   (fide HerbSpices)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  
• Social: religious/secular   (Christmas tree in Europe fide Eur Gard F)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Finland; Norway; Sweden
  Middle Europe: Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Russian Federation - European part
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France

• naturalized elsewhere

• also cultivated

References:

• Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature.
• Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986–1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
• Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
• Farjon, A. 1990. Pinaceae: Drawings and descriptions of the genera Abies, Cedrus, Pseudolarix, Keteleeria, Nothotsuga, Tsuga, Cathaya, Pseudotsuga, Larix and Picea. Regnum Veg. 121.
• Farjon, A. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of conifers.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
• Krüssmann, G. 1985. Manual of cultivated conifers (English translation of Die Nadelgeholze, ed. 2. 1983).
• Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8:116.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964. Flora europaea. 1:31.
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Picea abies.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Picea abies.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Picea abies.

Synonyms:

• (=) Abies excelsa var. columnaris Jacques
  
• (=) Abies excelsa var. finedonensis Paul ex Gordon
  
• (=) Abies excelsa var. gregoryana Paul ex Gordon
  
• (=) Abies excelsa var. inversa Sm. ex Gordon
  
• (=) Abies excelsa var. pygmaea Loudon
  
• (=) Abies excelsa var. virgata Jacques
  
• (=) Picea abies f. argenteospica (Hesse ex Beissn.) Rehder
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Picea abies f. columnaris (Jacques) Rehder
  
• (=) Picea abies f. finedonensis (Paul ex Gordon) Rehder
  
• (=) Picea abies f. gregoryana (Paul ex Gordon) Rehder
  
• (=) Picea abies f. inversa (Sm. ex Gordon) Rehder
  
• (=) Picea abies f. pygmaea (Loudon) Rehder
  
• (=) Picea abies f. pyramidata (Carrière) Rehder
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Picea abies f. veitchii (Hornibr.) Rehder
  
• (=) Picea abies f. viminalis (Sparrm. ex Alstr.) Lindm.
  
• (=) Picea abies f. virgata (Jacques) Rehder
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (≡) Picea excelsa Link
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Picea excelsa var. argenteospica Hesse ex Beissn.
  
• (=) Picea excelsa var. pyramidata Carrière
  
• (=) Picea excelsa f. veitchii Hornibr.
  
• (≡) Pinus abies L. (basionym)
  
• (≡) Pinus excelsa Lam.
  
• (=) Pinus viminalis Sparrm. ex Alstr.
  

Check other web resources for Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• Gymnosperm Database of Christopher J. Earle
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Picea abies cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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