Taxon: Phalaris arundinacea L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

MA*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• gardener's-garters   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• reed Canary grass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• ribbon grass   (Source: Dict Gard ) – English
  
• variegated grass   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• alpiste roseau   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• chiendent-ruban   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• phalaris roseau   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• roseau   (Source: F NAmer ) – French
  
• roseau panaché   (Source: L Noms French ed7 ) – French
  
• Rohrglanzgras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• falaride arundinacea   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• kusa-yoshi   (Source: F JapanOhwi ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• galpul   (Source: Kulturpflanze 34:116) – Transcribed Korean
  
• caniço-malhado   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• hierba cinta   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• pasto cinto   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• rörflen   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: erosion control   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Phalaris arundinacea from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Egypt; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Iran; Iraq; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea; Taiwan
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece; Italy [incl. Sardinia]; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain
• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Subarctic America: Canada - Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory; United States - Alaska
  Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
  Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin
  Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina [n. & w.], Tennessee, Virginia
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico [n. & c.]
  Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona [n.], California, Nevada, Utah

• AFRICA
  Southern Africa: Lesotho; South Africa
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Mexico
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: El Salvador
  Western South America: Colombia
  Southern South America: Argentina; Uruguay

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  United States

References:

• Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed.
• Baldini, R. M. 1995. Revision of the genus Phalaris L. (Gramineae). Webbia 49:269.
• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
• Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
• Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7.
• Englert, J. M. et al. 1999–. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators.
• FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2011. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49:139–247.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California.
• Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. 2006. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada.
• Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• Meyer, M. H. 2012. Chapter 3. Ornamental grasses in the United States. Hort. Rev. 39:121–152.
• Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:116.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Randall, R. P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:480–481.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR.
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Webster's third new international dictionary.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Phalaris arundinacea.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Phalaris arundinacea.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Phalaris arundinacea.

Synonyms:

• (=) Phalaris arundinacea var. picta L.
  
• (=) Phalaris arundinacea f. variegata (Parn.) Druce
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (≡) Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Phalaris arundinacea L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AusGrass2: Australian grass data from Bryan K. Simon’s on-line database
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Spikelets and/or florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Spikelets and/or florets: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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