Taxon: Peganum harmala L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

AZ*°, CA*, CO*°, NM*, NV*, OR*.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Common names:

• African-rue   (Source: State Noxweed Seed ) – English
  
• Syrian-rue   (Source: F Iraq ) – English
  
• wild rue   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• rue sauvage   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• Harmalkraute   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Steppenraute   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• harmel   (Source: Names Watson ) – India
  
• alharma   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• gamarza   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• harmelbuske   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Materials: tannin/dyestuff   (fide Kuwait Pl)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; F USSR)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Econ Pl Aust; F USSR)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Peganum harmala from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
  West Tropical Africa: Mauritania
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Kuwait; Saudi Arabia
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia [w.]
  China: China - Xinjiang
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan
• EUROPE
  East Europe: Moldova; Russian Federation - European part [s.]; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy [incl. Sardinia]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: Spain

• naturalized elsewhere

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya.
• Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Middleditch, B. S. & A. M. Amer. 1991. Kuwaiti plants: distribution, traditional medicine, phytochemistry,. economic value (Studies in Plant Science 2).
• Migahid, A. M. 1988–1990. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia.
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Rollins, R. C. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B:298.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Watson, J. F. 1868. Index to the native and scientific names of Indian and other eastern economic plants and products.
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Peganum harmala.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Peganum harmala.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Peganum harmala.

Check other web resources for Peganum harmala L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed cluster: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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