Taxon: Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don

Common names:

• hard alstonia   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 5(1):88.) – English
  
• hard milkwood   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 12(2):66) – English
  
• batino   (Source: Pl Res SEAs 5(1):88.) – Philippine
  

Economic importance:

• Materials: wood   (timber fide Pl Res SEAs 5(1):88. 1993)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide F ChinaEng)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Sri Lanka
  North Indian Ocean: India - Andaman and Nicobar
  Indo-China: Cambodia; Thailand; Vietnam
  Malesia: Indonesia - Kalimantan, Moluccas, Sumatra [n.]; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore

• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii

• AFRICA
  West Tropical Africa: Cote D'Ivoire; Sierra Leone
  South Tropical Africa: Angola; Zimbabwe
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China - Guangdong [s.], Yunnan [s.]
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). [mentions].
• Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature.
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• Kiew, R. et al., eds. 2010–. Flora of peninsular Malaysia.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Parham, J. W. 1972. Plants of the Fiji islands, revised ed.
• Sidiyasa, K. 1997. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea suppl. 11:149–153.
• Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. 1970–. Flora of Thailand.
• Soerianegara, I. & R. H. M. J. Lemmens, eds. 1993. Timber trees: major commercial timbers. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 5(1):88.
• Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948–. Flora malesiana.
• Valkenburg, J. L. C. H. van & N. Bunyapraphatsara, eds. 2001. Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 12(2):66–67.
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1997. Contributions to the Flora of the Hawai`i. VI. Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 48:51–65.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Alstonia macrophylla.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Alstonia macrophylla.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Alstonia macrophylla.

Check other web resources for Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• On-line Flora of Zimbabwe
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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