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Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
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Taxon: Oenothera biennis L.

Genus: Oenothera section: Oenothera subsection: Oenothera
Family: Onagraceae subfamily: Onagroideae tribe: Onagreae.
Nomen number: 25521
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 1:346. 1753
Typification: View record from Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project of the Natural History Museum of London.
Name verified on: 03-Mar-1998 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-Feb-2009
Species priority site is: Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC).
Accessions: 172 in National Plant Germplasm System.
  • all available ) NPGS accessions. or .
  • all available ) NPGS accessions by country.
  • Check PlantSearch database of Botanic Gardens Conservation International for possible non-NPGS germplasm.


Common names:


Economic importance:

More:

Distributional range:

      Native: (links to other web resources are provided for some distributions)
  • NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
    Eastern Canada: Canada - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec
    Western Canada: Canada - Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
    Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
    North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas [e.], Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota [e.], Oklahoma [e.], South Dakota, Wisconsin
    Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
    South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas

      Naturalized:
  • widely naturalized in temperate & subtropic regions

      Cultivated:
  • also cultivated

      Other:
  • exact native range obscure

References:

  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
  • Britton, N. L. et al., eds. ser. 1; C. T. Rogerson, ed. ser. 2. North American flora ser. 1, 1905-1957; ser. 2, 1954-1972
  • Chester, E. W. et al. 1993–1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
  • Dietrich, W. et al. 1997. Systematics of Oenothera section Oenothera subsection Oenothera (Onagraceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 50:93.
  • Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
  • Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  • Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
  • Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
  • Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan.
  • Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
  • Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2.
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  • Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  • Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
  • McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
  • Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:112.
  • Raven, P. et al. 1979. An outline of the systematics of Oenothera subsect. Euoenothera (Onagraceae). Syst. Bot. 4:244.
  • Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol.
  • Skvortsov, A. K. 1994. Genus Oenothera (Onagraceae) in the former Soviet Union: taxonomy and distribution. Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 99:98.
  • Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
More:

Synonyms:


Check other web resources for Oenothera biennis L.:


Images:

  • Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
  • Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
More:
  • Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
  • Google Images Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy
| USDA | ARS | GRIN | NPGS | New Search |
Cite as:
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25521 (19 May 2013)

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