Taxon: Medicago lupulina L.

See also subordinate taxa:

• Medicago lupulina var. willdenowii (no accessions)

Common names:

• black medic   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• black medick   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• English trefoil   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• hop trefoil   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• hop-clover   (Source: Pl Book ) – English
  
• nonesuch   (Source: F Iraq ) – English
  
• yellow trefoil   (Source: Hortus 3 ) – English
  
• tian lan mu xu   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• lupuline   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• minette dorée   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• Gelbklee   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• Hopfenklee   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• lupolina   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• kometsubū-umagoyashi   (Source: F Japan ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• lupulina   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• luzerna-brava   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• luzerna-lupulina   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• mielga azafranada   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• humlelusern   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Bee plants: honey production   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Environmental: revegetator   (fide Cover Crop Database)
  
• Environmental: soil improver   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Lesins & Lesins, Genus Medicago 70. 1979)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Atlas WWeed)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands [La Palma]
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Arabia
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Korea; Taiwan [n.]
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India - Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Nepal; Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Far East
  Eastern Asia: Japan
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Canada
  United States
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Brazil: Brazil [s.]
  Western South America: Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Uruguay

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Mexico
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Mesoamerica: Guatemala

• also cultivated

References:

• Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya.
• Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961–. Flora of New Zealand.
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45.
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Graham, E. H. 1941. Legumes for erosion control and wildlife. USDA Misc. Publ. 412.
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds.
• Huang, S. F. & T. C. Huang. 1987. Taxonomic treatment of the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Taiwan. Taiwania 32:11-117.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Inst. Bot. V. L. Komarova, Acad. Sci. URSS. 1963–. Plantae asiae centralis.
• Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
• Isely, D. 1998. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii).
• Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931–1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
• Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
• Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Kumar, S & P. V. Sane. 2003. Legumes of South Asia: a checklist.
• Lesins, K. A. & I. Lesins. 1979. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study. 67.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana.
• Meikle, R. D. 1977–1985. Flora of Cyprus.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979–1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
• Small, E. & M. Jomphe. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canad. J. Bot. 67:3272.
• Small, E. et al. 1981. The taxonomic value of floral characters in tribe Trigonelleae (Leguminosae), with special reference to Medicago. Canad. J. Bot. 59:1580.
• Small, E. 1981. A numerical analysis of major groupings in Medicago employing traditionally used characters. Canad. J. Bot. 59:1555.
• Small, E. 2012. Review of Fabaceae Trifolieae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm.
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala.
• Täckholm, V. 1974. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2.
• Thulin, M. 1983. Leguminosae of Ethiopia. Opera Bot. 68:1-223.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Yakovlev, G. P. et al. 1996. Legumes of Northern Eurasia.
• Zhu, X. Y. et al. 2007. Legumes of China: a checklist.
• Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74., 1999

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Medicago lupulina.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Medicago lupulina.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Medicago lupulina.

Synonyms:

• (=) Medicago cupaniana Guss.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Medicago lupulina var. cupaniana (Guss.) Boiss.
  (previously associated with 3 accessions)

Check other web resources for Medicago lupulina L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• ILDIS: World Database of Legumes
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images or nodulation data:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
• GRIN nodulation data

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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