Taxon: Lolium perenne L.

Common names:

• English ryegrass   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• perennial ryegrass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• meerjarige raaigras   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• gazun   (Source: Weeds Egypt . 1984) – Arabic
  
• hei mai cao   (Source: F ChinaEng ) – Transcribed Chinese
  
• ivraie vivace   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• ray-grass anglais   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• deutsches Weidelgras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• englisches Raygras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• loglio perenne   (Source: Mult Glossary Crops ) – Italian
  
• hoso-mugi   (Source: F JapanOhwi ) – Japanese Rōmaji
  
• homilpul   (Source: Kulturpflanze 34:106) – Transcribed Korean
  
• azevém-vivaz   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• lólio-perenne   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• ballico perenne   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• césped inglés   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• raygras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• engelskt rajgräs   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: erosion control   (fide Cover Crop Database)
  
• Environmental: lawn/turf   (used in mixtures for lawns fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Environmental: soil improver   (fide Cover Crop Database)
  
• Animal food: fodder   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Animal food: forage   (fide Grass VarUSA)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA; Invasive Pl Spec)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Lolium perenne from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia, Dagestan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India [n.w.]; Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part [s.w.]; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Croatia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
  Southern Africa: Lesotho; South Africa
  Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius; Reunion
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  North Indian Ocean: British Indian Ocean Terr - Diego Garcia
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Subarctic America: Greenland
  Canada
  Mexico
  United States
• PACIFIC
  North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii
  Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Caribbean: West Indies
  Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Panama
  Northern South America: French Guiana
  Brazil: Brazil
  Western South America: Bolivia; Ecuador; Peru
  Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Uruguay

• also cultivated

References:

• Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed.
• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya.
• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
• Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. 1984. The weeds of Egypt.
• Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist.
• Boulos, L. 1999–. Flora of Egypt.
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17.
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
• International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres.
• Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. [poisonous].
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:106.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
• Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:428.
• Terrell, E. E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392:7.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR.
• University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource).
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Lolium perenne.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Lolium perenne.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Lolium perenne.

Synonyms:

• (=) Lolium boucheanum Kunth
  
• (=) Lolium marschallii Steven
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Lolium perenne L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• Flora del Conosur: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur
• Flora of China: Online version from Harvard University
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• Grass Manual on the Web: Manual of Grasses for North America North of Mexico
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AusGrass2: Australian grass data from Bryan K. Simon’s on-line database
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Florets: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

Ctrl P to print