Taxon: Lolium multiflorum Lam.

Common names:

• annual ryegrass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Italian ryegrass   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Westerwold ryegrass   (Source: TBull USDA 1392:12.) – English
  
• Italiaanse raaigras   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• ivraie multiflore   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• ray-grass d'Italie   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• italienisches Raygras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• welsches Weidelgras   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• westerwoldisches Weidelgras   (Source: TBull USDA 1392:12.) – German
  
• azevém   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• ballico italiano   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• raygras italiano   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Environmental: erosion control; lawn/turf; revegetator; soil improver   (fide Grass VarUSA; Cover Crop Database, as cover crop)
  
• Animal food: fodder; forage   (fide Genet Res Crop Evol 44:479. 1997; F Turk; F Iraq)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson)
  
• Weed: also potential seed contaminant   (fide Weed CIBA)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Lolium multiflorum from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Turkey
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan
• EUROPE
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France [incl. Corsica]; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
• widely naturalized in temperate regions

• exact native range obscure

References:

• Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976–. Flora of Libya. (F Libya)
• Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. (Grass BCIP)
• Boulos, L. 1995. Flora of Egypt checklist. (L Egypt)
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. (L Canaries)
• Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
• Oliveira, J. A. et al. 1997. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:479–487.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). (L Azores)
• Terrell, E. E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392:10.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. (Grass USSR)
• University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database. (Cover Crop Database)
• Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1966–. Flora palaestina. (F Palest)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Lolium multiflorum.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Lolium multiflorum. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (=) Lolium gaudinii Parl., nom. inval.
  
• (=) Lolium italicum A. Braun, nom. inval.
  (previously associated with 8 accessions)
• (≡) Lolium perenne subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn.
  

Check other databases for Lolium multiflorum Lam.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• CNWG: Catalogue of New World Grasses Searchable Database
• World Grass Species-Descriptions: Morphological species description from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• Florets: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Florets: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

Ctrl P to print