Taxon: Ligustrum vulgare L.

Common names:

• common privet   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• European privet   (Source: Pl Book ) – English
  
• privet   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ed2 ) – English
  
• privet-hedge   (Source: Aust Pl Common Names ) – English
  
• wild privet   (Source: BSBI ) – English
  
• gewone liguster   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  
• raisin de chien   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• troène vulgaire   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• Liguster   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• ligustro   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Italian
  
• olivella   (Source: F Ital ) – Italian
  
• alfena   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• alfenheiro   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• ligustro   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• birjučina   (Source: Mansf Ency ) – Transliterated Russian
  
• alheña   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• ligustro   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• liguster   (Source: Vara kulturvaxt namn ) – Swedish
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: boundary/barrier/support   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Cooper & Johnson ed2; Lampe & McCann)
  
• Weed: potential seed contaminant   (fide Econ Pl Aust; Invasive Pl Spec; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Ligustrum vulgare from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Morocco
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Iran [n.w.]; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Ciscaucasia
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Ireland; Norway [s.e.]; Sweden [s.w.]; United Kingdom
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Switzerland
  East Europe: Moldova; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bulgaria; Former Yugoslavia; Greece; Italy; Romania
  Southwestern Europe: France; Portugal; Spain

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
  Southern Africa: South Africa
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia
  New Zealand: New Zealand
• NORTHERN AMERICA
  United States

• also cultivated

References:

• Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin).
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
• Conant, P. et al. 1997. Appendix. Selected plant species interfering with resource management goals in North American natural areas. In: Luken, J. O. & J. W. Thieret, eds., Assessment and management of plant invasions. 255–267.
• Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. [poisonous].
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist.
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6.
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12.
• Hnatiuk, R. J. 1990. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
• Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. [poisonous].
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976).
• Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. [poisonous].
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Pignatti, S. 1982. Flora d'Italia.
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds.
• Zohary, M. et al. 1980–. Conspectus florae orientalis.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Ligustrum vulgare.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Ligustrum vulgare.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Ligustrum vulgare.

Synonyms:

• (=) Ligustrum insulare Decne.
  (previously associated with 2 accessions)
• (=) Ligustrum insulense Decne.
  (previously associated with 1 accession)

Check other web resources for Ligustrum vulgare L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• SIBIS: South African National Biodiversity Institute's (SANBI) Integrated Biodiversity System
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Ligustrum vulgare cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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