Taxon: Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.

Common names:

• candleberry   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• candlenut   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• candlenut-tree   (Source: F TE Afr ) – English
  
• Indian-walnut   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• lumbangtree   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – English
  
• varnishtree   (Source: CRC MedHerbs ) – English
  
• noyer de bancoul   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• noyer des Moluques   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – French
  
• Lichtnußbaum   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – German
  
• kukui   (Source: web document) – Hawaiian
  
• noz-da-Índia   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Portuguese
  
• nogueira-brasileira   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• nogueira-da-Índia   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• nogueira-de-iguape   (Source: D. Groth, p.c. 2005) – Portuguese (Brazil)
  
• calumbán   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• camirio   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• lumbán   (Source: Dict Rehm ) – Spanish
  
• mkaa   (Source: PROTABASE [as A. "moluccana"]) – Swahili
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Food additives: flavoring   (fide Cornucopia; Pl Res SEAs 2:371. 1991)
  
• Environmental: ornamental   (fide PROTABASE)
  
• Environmental: revegetator   (fide PROTABASE)
  
• Human food: seeds   (used to make palm sugar, fide Cornucopia)
  
• Materials: beads   (fide Bot Beads World; as web document)
  
• Materials: lipids   (source of candelnut or lumbang oil with several applications fide Bot J Linn Soc 94:314. 1987)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Lampe & McCann; Econ Pl Aust)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Aleurites moluccanus from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

Distributional range:

• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  China: China
  Eastern Asia: Taiwan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India - Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal; Sri Lanka
  Indo-China: Cambodia; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam
  Malesia: Indonesia; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines
• AUSTRALASIA
  Australia: Australia - Queensland [n.]

• widely naturalized in tropics

• widely cultivated in tropics

• exact native range obscure

References:

• PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). ["moluccana"].
• Airy Shaw, H. K. 1975. The Euphorbiaceae of Borneo. Kew Bull. add. ser., 4:29. ["moluccana"].
• Airy Shaw, H. K. 1980. The Euphorbiaceae of New Guinea. Kew Bull. add. ser., 35:596. ["moluccana"].
• Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1967–. Flore de la Nouvelle Caledonie et dependances. ["moluccana"].
• Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. Flora of Java. ["moluccana"].
• Balakrishnan, N. P. & T. Chakrabarty. 2007. The family Euphorbiaceae in India; a synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography.
• Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. 1976–. Flores des Mascareignes. ["moluccana"].
• Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature. ["moluccana"].
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. ["moluccana"].
• Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource).
• Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. ["moluccana"].
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. ["moluccana"].
• Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. [re. Brazilian common names].
• Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. [poisonous].
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. ["moluccana"].
• Robertson, S. A. 1989. Flowering plants of Seychelles. ["moluccana"].
• Schultes, R. E. 1987. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 94:80. ["moluccana"].
• Smith, A. C. 1979–1991. Flora vitiensis nova. ["moluccana"].
• Smith, R. J. Botanical beads of the world (on-line resource).
• Stuppy, W. et al. 1999. Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae). Blumea 44:80. ["moluccana"].
• Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952–. Flora of tropical East Africa. ["moluccana"].
• Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 2:371.
• Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora. ["moluccana"].
• Webster's third new international dictionary.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Aleurites moluccanus.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Aleurites moluccanus.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Aleurites moluccanus.

Synonyms:

• (=) Aleurites javanicus Gand.
  
• (=) Aleurites pentaphyllus Wall. ex Langeron
  
• (=) Aleurites remyi Sherff
  (previously associated with 1 accession)
• (=) Aleurites trilobus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.
  (previously associated with 10 accessions)
• (≡) Jatropha moluccana L. (basionym)
  

Check other web resources for Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.:

• AVH: Australia's Virtual Herbarium
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• PROTABASE: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa's (PROTA's) online resource
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• Fruit: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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