Taxon: Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare

See other conspecific taxa:

• Foeniculum vulgare (63 accessions)
• Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (3 accessions)
• Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (no accessions)
• Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. dulce (1 accessions)

Common names:

• bitter fennel   (Source: Ency CNatIn ) – English
  
• common fennel   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Butterfenchel   (Source: Mansfeld ) – German
  
• wilder Fenchel   (Source: Zander ed14 ) – German
  

More:

see MMPND for additional names in foreign scripts

Economic importance:

• Materials: essential oils   (fide Ency CNatIn)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide Herbs Commerce ed2)
  

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Egypt [n.]; Libya [n.]; Morocco; Tunisia
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Egypt - Sinai; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: Pakistan

• widely naturalized

• widely cultivated

References:

• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage.
• Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 13:129. [= F. vulgare Bitter Fennel or Common Fennel Group].
• Hara, H. et al. 1978–1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
• Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2.
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2.
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.

Synonyms:

• (=) Anethum foeniculum L.
  
• (=) Foeniculum dulce Mill.
  (previously associated with 10 accessions)

Check other web resources for Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare:

• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops

Check other databases for images:

• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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