Taxon: Ilex opaca Aiton

See also subordinate taxa:

• Ilex opaca forma xanthocarpa (no accessions)
• Ilex opaca var. arenicola (no accessions)
• Ilex opaca var. opaca (no accessions)

Common names:

• American holly   (Source: AH 519 ) – English
  
• white holly   (Source: Trees US ) – English
  
• amerikanische Stechpalme   (Source: Zander Ency ) – German
  

Economic importance:

• Environmental: ornamental   (fide Dict Gard)
  
• Environmental: shade/shelter   (fide Krussmann)
  
• Gene sources: ornamental features   (fide Hollies)
  
• Materials: wood   (fide AH 519)
  
• Medicines: folklore   (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2)
  

More:

View ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

View ethnobotanical data from Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database

Distributional range:

• NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada in NatureServe Explorer database)
  Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut [s.], Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York [s.e.], Ohio [s.], Pennsylvania [s.], Rhode Island, West Virginia
  North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Missouri [s.e.], Oklahoma
  Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
  South-Central U.S.A.: United States - Texas

• also cultivated

References:

• Clark, R. C. 1971. The woody plants of Alabama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:197.
• Clewell, A. F. 1985. Guide to the vascular plants of the Florida panhandle.
• Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs.
• Eisenbeiss, G. K. & T. R. Dudley. 1973. International checklist of cultivated Ilex. Part 1. Ilex opaca. Natl. Arbor. Contr. 3:1–85.
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage.
• Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen.
• Galle, F. C. 1997. Hollies. The genus Ilex.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. [with two varieties].
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976).
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1978. Important forest trees of the United States.
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
• Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
• Seymour, F. 1969. The flora of New England.

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Ilex opaca.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Ilex opaca.

Search Biodiversity Heritage Library for historical publications referencing Ilex opaca.

Synonyms:

• Ilex arenicola Ashe [≡ Ilex opaca var. arenicola]
  
• Ilex cumulicola Small [= Ilex opaca var. arenicola]
  

Check other web resources for Ilex opaca Aiton:

• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• BONAP: North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ICRA: International Cultivar Registration Authority (on-line resource). for Ilex opaca cultivars
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Forestry Images: from www.forestryimages.org

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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