Taxon: Hypericum perforatum L.

A declared aquatic or terrestrial noxious weed and/or noxious-weed seed in these U.S. states (see state noxious weed lists), with links to state information or web documents:

CA*°, CO*°, HI°, ID°, MT*°, NV*°, OR*°, SD*, WA°.

ªAquatic.

*Terrestrial.

°In seed.

Link to noxious weed information from

Link to species profile at

Common names:

• goatweed   (Source: Noxweed Aust ) – English
  
• Klamathweed   (Source: Websters Dict ) – English
  
• perforate St. John's-wort   (Source: BSBI 2007) – English
  
• St. John's-wort   (Source: World Econ Pl ) – English
  
• Tipton weed   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – English
  
• Johanneskruid   (Source: Weeds SAfr 2001 ) – Afrikaans
  

Economic importance:

• Materials: essential oils; lipids   (for cosmetics fide Ency CNatIn; Invasive Pl Spec)
  
• Medicines: folklore; source of hypericin   (fide Phytomedicine 2:67-71. 1995; Ency CNatIn; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2)
  
• Vertebrate poisons: mammals   (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson ed2)
  
• Weed: also potential seed contaminant   (fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968; Invasive Pl Spec; Weeds SAfr 2001)
  

More:

View toxicology references for Hypericum perforatum from FDA Poisonous Plant Database

View phytochemical or ethnobotanical data from Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Distributional range:

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Madeira Islands; Spain - Canary Islands
  Northern Africa: Algeria [n.]; Morocco; Tunisia
  Northeast Tropical Africa: Sudan - Darfur [natzd.?]
• ASIA-TEMPERATE
  Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia [s.w.]
  Western Asia: Afghanistan; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
  Caucasus: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation - Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Stavropol
  Siberia: Russian Federation - Western Siberia
  Middle Asia: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
  Mongolia: Mongolia
  China: China - Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan
• ASIA-TROPICAL
  Indian Subcontinent: India - Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh; Pakistan [n.]
• EUROPE
  Northern Europe: Denmark; Finland [s.]; Ireland; Norway [s.]; Sweden [s.]; United Kingdom - England, Scotland, Wales
  Middle Europe: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; Germany; Hungary; Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia; Switzerland
  East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Russian Federation - Astrakhan, European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym]
  Southeastern Europe: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Former Yugoslavia; Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; Macedonia; Malta; Romania; Slovenia
  Southwestern Europe: Andorra; France [incl. Corsica]; Gibraltar; Portugal; Spain [incl. Baleares]

• AFRICA
  Macaronesia: Portugal - Azores
• naturalized in s. Africa, Australia, Hawaii, Japan, Mascarenes, New Zealand, North America, South America, & West Indies

References:

• Black, J. M. 1943–1957. Flora of Southern Australia, ed. 2. (F SAustBlack)
• Bond, P. & P. Goldblatt. 1984. Plants of the Cape Flora, J. S. African Bot. suppl. vol. 13. (L Cape)
• Botanical Society of the British Isles. 2007. BSBI checklist. (BSBI)
• CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables (Weed TabCIBA)
• Cabrera, A. L. & E. M. Zardini. 1978. Manual de la flora de los alrededores de Buenos Aires. (Man BuenAir)
• Cannon, J. & M. Cannon. 1994. Dye plants and dyeing. The Herbert Press & The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (Dye Pl)
• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Ernst, E. 1995. Phytomedicine. 2:67–71.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop - on-line resource. (Ecocrop)
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. (Glea Cron)
• Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist. (L Medit)
• Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1993. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. (L Macar ed4)
• Harrington, H. 1954. Manual of the plants of Colorado. (F Colo)
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
• Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413. (Weeds SAfr)
• Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. (Atlas WWeed)
• Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. (L Canaries)
• Jiangsu Inst. Bot., ed. v. 1; Shan. R. H., ed. v. 2. 1977–1982. Jiangsu Zhiwuzhi (Flora of Jiangsu). (F Chiangsu)
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. (Econ Pl Aust)
• Lems, K. 1960. Floristic botany of the Canary islands. (L Canar)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Meikle, R. D. 1977–1985. Flora of Cyprus. (F Cyprus)
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system - on-line resource. (Can Poison Pl)
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. (F CalifMunz)
• Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan. (F Pak)
• Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. (Noxweed Aust)
• Polunin, O. & A. Stainton. 1984. Flowers of the Himalaya. (Flow Himal)
• Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962–1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. (F Alger)
• Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. (F Carolin)
• Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. (F Iran)
• Robson, N. K. B. 2002. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 4(2). Section 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 2): subsection 1. Hypericum series 1. Hypericum. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 32(2):87–102.
• Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. 1999. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act. (State Noxweed Seed)
• Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). (L Azores)
• St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands. (L Hawaii)
• Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley. (F LowYangtze)
• Steyermark, J. A. 1977. Flora of Missouri. (F Missouri)
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq. (F Iraq)
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (Nat Invasive Sp Info)
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
• Willis, J. H. 1970–1972. A handbook to plants in Victoria. (F VictWillis)
• Webster's third new international dictionary. (Websters Dict)

More:

Search AGRICOLA article citation database for citations referencing Hypericum perforatum.

Search NCBI's Entrez search engine for PubMed citations referencing Hypericum perforatum. Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Synonyms:

• (≡) Hypericum vulgare Lam.
  

Check other databases for Hypericum perforatum L.:

• Flora Europaea: Database of European Plants (ESFEDS)
• PLANTS: USDA-NRCS Database of Plants of the United States and its Territories
• TROPICOS: Nomenclatural and Specimen Database of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• Mansfeld: Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
• ePIC: Electronic Plant Information Centre of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
• AGRICOLA: Article Citation Database or NAL Catalog of USDA's National Agricultural Library
• Entrez: NCBI's search engine for PubMed citations, GenBank sequences, etc.
  Note: Defaults to a search by genus or species epithet if species binomial not found.

Images:

• GRIN Images of germplasm accessions.
• Forestry Images: Images of invasive weeds from www.forestryimages.org
• Seed: U.S. National Seed Herbarium image
• Seeds or fruits: Seed ID Workshop image, from Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University

More:

• Check PlantSystematics.org for additional images
• Images Note: Be advised that their identity may be inaccurate. Proper identification of a plant may require specialized taxonomic knowledge or comparison with properly documented herbarium material.

Abbreviations & symbols in GRIN Taxonomy

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